The ever-growing prevalence of tuberculosis is a cause for concern among both developing and developed countries. Abdominal tuberculosis is the most common site of extrapulmonary tuberculosis and involves almost all of the visceral organs. Clinical presentation of abdominal tuberculosis is often non-specific. Thus, having a high index of clinical suspicion is necessary to aide early diagnosis and guide prompt initiation of appropriate treatment. In this review, we focus on the entire spectrum of abdominal tuberculosis and other diseases mimicking it with an emphasis on their imaging findings.
Transvaginal ultrasound is the primary imaging modality in ectopic pregnancy and MRI is used as a problem-solving tool in selected indications as detailed in the article. MRI features of tubal, interstitial, cervical, cesarean scar, cornual, ovarian, abdominal, and heterotopic pregnancies are provided to familiarize the radiologists with their appearances thereby assisting them in making early and accurate diagnosis.
Objectives:
The objectives of this study were to estimate the prevalence and significance of incidental non-cardiac findings (INCFs) in coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) using a dual-source multidetector computed tomography.
Materials and Methods:
Retrospective review of all CCTA studies performed over a time period for various indications was included in the study. After exclusions, CCTA of 1713 patients was evaluated by two experienced cardiac radiologists for non-cardiac abnormalities in the full field-of-view limited contrast chest series. The scans were acquired from the level of the carina to just below the diaphragm. INCFs were classified into three categories: Significant, indeterminate, and insignificant findings based on their clinical impact and availability of prior imaging and clinical details.
Results:
The study cohort consisted of 1123 males (mean age of 58 years) and 590 females (mean age of 64 years). INCFs were seen in 600 patients of 1713 patients. A total of 812 INCFs (47.5%) were found in 1713 patients. Of those, 568 (70%) were considered insignificant, 205 (25.2%) indeterminate, and 39 significant findings (4.9%). The prevalence of significant findings was 2.3%. Among the 39 significant findings, after correlating with clinical details and other imaging, nine were really significant findings (0.5%) and out of this, four turned out to be cancers (0.2%).
Conclusion:
Large number of INCFs can be found in CCTA with majority of them being insignificant or of minimal clinical impact. Although the proportion of significant findings is small and may not be cost beneficial, it is prudent to evaluate all the available data and to make appropriate classification of INCFs which can help in further management.
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