TB or not TB: A comprehensive review of imaging manifestations of abdominal tuberculosis and its mimics

Ladumor, Heta; Al-Mohannadi, Salma; Ameerudeen, Fathima Shajeedha; Ladumor, Sushila; Fadl, Shaimaa Abdelhassib

doi:10.1016/j.clinimag.2021.02.012

Cited by 30 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 93 publications

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“…Contact with patients with TB increase the suspicion of active TB. The extent of GI TB is usually evaluated by CT of the chest and abdomen [14]. In patients with esophageal TB, the radiological features are not specific and the presence of granulomas with central caseous necrosis in a patient with a history of contact can be considered diagnostic.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Primary Esophageal Tuberculosis With Dysphagia

Paudel

Parajuli

Baral

et al. 2021

Cureus

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Tuberculosis is a common infection caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Tuberculosis can affect many organ systems of the human body including the gastrointestinal tract. Esophageal involvement of tuberculosis is however rare.A 60 years old male from Nepal with an occupational history suggestive of exposure to tuberculosis presented with dysphagia. He did not have any other complaints and his physical examination was unremarkable. An upper gastrointestinal endoscopic examination revealed an esophageal ulcer at 25 cm from incisors. Biopsy from the edge of the ulcer revealed granulomas with central caseous necrosis. A computed tomography scan of the chest and abdomen did not reveal additional lesions. Considering the higher prevalence of tuberculosis in the geographical area, he was started on an empirical antitubercular regimen. His dysphagia subsided within two weeks of starting therapy. A repeat upper gastrointestinal examination at six months of therapy revealed complete healing of the esophageal lesion.In this case report, we review the symptomatology, diagnosis, and treatment of esophageal tuberculosis.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Primary Esophageal Tuberculosis With Dysphagia

Paudel

Parajuli

Baral

et al. 2021

Cureus

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“…Direct spread can lead to infection of lymph nodes from adjacent organs. According to the findings from a study by [ 32 ], tuberculous lymphadenitis can appear on a CT scan as: (a) in the first stage with homogenous enhancement, (b) in the second stage as central caseous necrosis and peripheral rim enhancement, and (c) in the final stage as fibrosis and calcifications.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differential Diagnosis of Abdominal Tuberculosis in the Adult—Literature Review

Ionescu

Nicolescu

Madge³

et al. 2021

Diagnostics

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Tuberculosis (TB) is a public health issue that affects mostly, but not exclusively, developing countries. Abdominal TB is difficult to detect at first, with the incidence ranging from 10% to 30% of individuals with lung TB. Symptoms are non-specific, examinations can be misleading, and biomarkers commonly linked with other diseases can also make appropriate diagnosis difficult. As a background for this literature review, the method used was to look into the main characteristics and features of abdominal tuberculosis that could help with differentiation on the PubMed, Science Direct, and Academic Oxford Journals databases. The results were grouped into three categories: A. general features (the five forms of abdominal tuberculosis: wet and dry peritonitis, lymphadenopathy, lesions at the level of the cavitary organs, lesions at the level of the solid organs), B. different intra-abdominal organs and patterns of involvement (oesophageal, gastro-duodenal, jejunal, ileal, colorectal, hepatosplenic, and pancreatic TB with calcified lymphadenopathy, also with description of extraperitoneal forms), and C. special challenges of the differential diagnosis in abdominal TB (such as diagnostic overlap, the disease in transplant candidates and transplant recipients, and zoonotic TB). The study concluded that, particularly in endemic countries, any disease manifesting with peritonitis, lymphadenopathy, or lesions at the level of the intestines or solid organs should have workups and protocols applied that can confirm/dismiss the suspicion of abdominal tuberculosis.

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“…There are several abdominal CT Scan findings that support the PTB appearances, are: 1. Lymphadenopathy; intra-abdominal lymph node enlargement is the most common manifestation of PTB (4,10). However, the same pathological also occur in several other diseases, such as lymphoma and other malignancy or infections.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Intraabdominal infection of TB could be spreading of the originating infection foci in lungs or another location (3). Sometimes PTB is also called intestinal TB (4). The clinical appearances of PTB are sometimes non-specific and can resemble malignancy.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Case Series: Various Radiologic Findings of Peritoneal Tuberculosis Mimicking Malignancy and Pathological Confirmation

Yus¹,

Atmaja²

2022

IJRP

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Background: PTB is the common case found in many endemic countries. The misdiagnosis of PTB is often happening because it mimics malignancy and is difficult to distinguish from another infection. Cases Presentation: Here presented three PTB cases, a male 23 years old, and two female patients 16 and 32 years old, respectively. The patients were initially suspected of intra-abdominal malignancy and finally confirmed as PTB after CT Scan and pathological examination. After several months of OAT treatment, the patient improved then the complaints are decreased. Conclusion: PTB is a disease that closely resembles a malignancy such as peritoneal carcinomatosis, and is difficult to distinguish from another infection. An adequate understanding of PTB characteristics on CT scans will be very helpful in establishing the diagnosis of these cases

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TB or not TB: A comprehensive review of imaging manifestations of abdominal tuberculosis and its mimics

Cited by 30 publications

References 93 publications

Primary Esophageal Tuberculosis With Dysphagia

Primary Esophageal Tuberculosis With Dysphagia

Differential Diagnosis of Abdominal Tuberculosis in the Adult—Literature Review

Case Series: Various Radiologic Findings of Peritoneal Tuberculosis Mimicking Malignancy and Pathological Confirmation

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