Study Objectives: Several inexpensive, readily available smartphone apps that claim to monitor sleep are popular among patients. However, their accuracy is unknown, which limits their widespread clinical use. We therefore conducted this study to evaluate the validity of parameters reported by one such app, the Sleep Time app (Azumio, Inc., Palo Alto, CA, USA) for iPhones. Methods: Twenty volunteers with no previously diagnosed sleep disorders underwent in-laboratory polysomnography (PSG) while simultaneously using the app. Parameters reported by the app were then compared to those obtained by PSG. In addition, an epoch-by-epoch analysis was performed by dividing the PSG and app graph into 15-min epochs. S martphones are now ubiquitous. As their technological capabilities continue to improve, both consumers and healthcare personnel are constantly fi nding new and innovative uses for smartphone apps in the fi eld of health and medicine.1 Apps have been incorporated into the practice of medical specialties as diverse as diabetology and neurosurgery, and have found a role in activities ranging from interpretation of radiology imaging to smoking cessation counseling. Sleep related concerns are commonplace as well, and given the burgeoning popularity and easy availability of inexpensive apps that purport to monitor multiple physiological parameters, it is not surprising that several apps have been designed to evaluate sleep quality.2 The inexorable permeation of smartphones into the fi eld of sleep medicine has resulted in the development of promising apps that screen for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) 3,4 and periodic limb movements in sleep (PLMS).
S C I E N T I F I C I N V E S T I G AT I O N Sinsomnia, circadian rhythm disorders, and hypersomnolence to have objective data about sleep patterns in order to make diagnoses and treatment recommendations. There are several apps that allow users to report and analyze their sleep quality and duration, 6 but such data are often intrinsically subjective. In-laboratory polysomnography (PSG) is the gold standard for BRIEF SUMMARY Current Knowledge/Study Rationale: There are several preexisting, widely available, inexpensive smartphone apps designed to monitor sleep, but it is unclear whether they have clinical utility. Our goal was to systematically compare the results obtained by using one such app, the Sleep Time app (Azumio, Inc.) to the gold standard, polysomnography (PSG). Study Impact: Our study shows that the absolute parameters and sleep staging reported by the Sleep Time app (Azumio, Inc.) for iPhones correlate poorly with PSG. Further studies comparing app sleep-wake detection to actigraphy may help elucidate its potential clinical utility.
This chapter summarizes the known associations between COVID-19 and sleep dysfunction, including insomnia, excessive daytime sleepiness, restless legs syndrome and nightmares, as well as obstructive sleep apnea and continuous positive airway pressure treatment during the pandemic. Treatment strategies and management approaches are also briefly discussed.
This cross-sectional study explored the extent and impact of mobile device-based Sleep Time-Related Information and Communication Technology (STRICT) use among American adolescents (N ¼ 3139, 49.3% female, mean age ¼ 13.3 years). Nearly 62% used STRICT after bedtime, 56.7% texted/tweeted/messaged in bed, and 20.8% awoke to texts. STRICT use was associated with insomnia, daytime sleepiness, eveningness, academic underperformance, later bedtimes and shorter sleep duration. Moderation analysis demonstrated that the association between STRICT use and insomnia increased with age, the association between STRICT use and daytime sleepiness decreased with age, and the association between STRICT use and shorter sleep duration decreased with age and was stronger in girls. Insomnia and daytime sleepiness partially mediated the relationship between STRICT use and academic underperformance. Our results illustrate the adverse interactions between adolescent STRICT use and sleep, with deleterious effects on daytime functioning. These worrisome findings suggest that placing reasonable limitations on adolescent STRICT use may be appropriate.
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