Ability of the damaged pancreas to generate new β-cells when activated with external stimuli has been documented. This study assessed the potentials of aqueous extract of bambusa vulgaris leaf to reactivate damaged β-cells in insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM). Eighteen healthy male Wistar rats (12 weeks old; weight= between 150 and 200g) were used for this study. The rats were randomly divided into three groups (six per group); group A (un-induced); group B (untreated alloxan-induced diabetics); group C (alloxan-induced diabetics treated with 200mg/kg body weight of freshly prepared extract of bambusa vulgaris leaf). Fasting blood sugar (FBS) and plasma insulin levels were determined in all animals using glucometer and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay methods respectively. Sections of pancreas tissues were prepared for histology. IDDM was confirmed in groups B and C (FBS increased significantly=p<0.05) after 2 days of alloxan administration). The FBS remained significantly (p>0.05) higher in group B, compared to group A, but reduced significantly (p<0.05) in group C after 7 days of treatment with bambusa vulgaris leaf extract. On the 7th day, plasma insulin level decreased significantly (p<0.05) in group B, but no significant difference observed in group C compared with group A.Histology reports showed damaged pancreas in group B, while Group C showed normal islet cells after 7 days of oral administration of bambusa vulgaris extract. In conclusion, aqueous extract of Bambusa vulgaris could restore the activities of alloxan-damaged pancreas. The extract could be a reliable alternative to synthetic pharmaceuticals in the treatment IDDM.
<p><strong>Background: </strong>Human-milk is a complex extracellular fluid with different biochemical composition compared with blood. The present study assessed the levels of markers of oxidative stress in human-milk and plasma of healthy lactating mothers.</p><p><strong>Methods:</strong> Forty lactating mothers (22-36 years) volunteered to participate in this study. They were non-smokers and apparently normal nursing mothers who had normal delivery without postnatal complications. Blood and breast-milk samples were collected from the lactating mothers between 6th and 18th weeks after delivery. Total antioxidant potential (TAP), total plasma peroxides (TPP) and malondialdehyde (MDA) were determined in both human-milk and blood of the mothers using spectrophotometric methods. Oxidative stress index (OSI) was determined as the percent ratio of the TPP and TAP.</p><p><strong>Results</strong>: The results showed that TAP, TPP and OSI increased significantly (p<0.001) in human-milk compared with the plasma. The plasma / human-milk ratios of TAP, TPP and OSI were 1:3, 1:5 and 1:2 respectively. The level of MDA was significantly (p=0.01) lower in the breast-milk, compared with the plasma. In the plasma, levels of OSI correlated significantly with TAP (r= -0.46; p= 0.015) and TPP (r=0.90; p <0.001) while in the breast-milk, OSI correlated significantly with only the TAP (r = -0.76; p<0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion:</strong> It could be concluded that the higher TPP in the human milk would be beneficial against pathogens, while the bio-accumulated antioxidant molecules regulate free radical load to avert the consequences of oxidative stress in the breast tissue.</p>
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