Waste collection is one of the most relevant parts of the integrated solid waste management system in technical, economic, environmental, and social terms. However, the vital role of waste collection has not been recognized, and the support given by the quadruple helixacademics, industry, state, and citizensis reduced when looking for the other operational units of an integrated solid waste management system. To exemplify the missing interest of academia for waste collection, in a Google Scholar search, the results for "waste collection" are about 157,000, for incineration are 375,000, and for landfill are 639,000. This example shows that collection is seen only as the way to make waste to get into high-tech infrastructures, like incineration plants, where real science is applied. The practitioners of the waste collection are the range of workers with lower income backgrounds, making waste collection not attractive enough to be devoted to high-tech solutions for waste collection problems. Many times, waste managers working in waste collection systems are more focused on the trucks and containers and the costs involved in the collection process, which is a considerable amount of local authorities' budget.In a meeting in 2014 between academia and waste collection sectors at the Nova University of Lisbon, waste collection professionals expressed the need for technical skills and knowledge based on waste collection and management practice, in a bottom-up approach. Technical skill areas include cost-efficiency, recycling behavior, environmental impacts, and technical operation. Waste collection professionals all over the world have the same necessities when implementing and managing a waste collection system to know more about the subject, but in such a way that knowledge could be affordable in technical and economic terms.The waste collection professionals' call to fulfill the technical background needs required experts in several fields of waste collection and management. This book results from the collaboration from different science areas and experiences in waste collection and management. Dr. Ana Pires, from whom the original idea was formed, has a scientific role in analyzing solid waste management from a system analysis perspective, where the application of life cycle assessment and multi-criteria decision-making are the techniques applied by her to make waste collection and

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27The diversity in bread all around the world is enormous and enriched breads are a 28 trend to follow in the next years. The aim of this work was to develop new breads 29 incorporating whey residue, and the final products were analysed for their textural 30properties, as compared with a basic wheat bread. For measurement of texture two types 31 of teste were used (compression and puncture). The results showed that the whey 32 residue could be used to produce bread with good textural properties, particularly for an 33 improved recipe. The improved whey bread showed good textural characteristics, which 34 remained practically unchanged after 24 h, being this true for the properties evaluated 35 through the compression test (hardness, chewiness, resilience, cohesiveness, 36 springiness) and through the puncture test (external firmness, inner firmness, stickiness, 37 adhesiveness). Finally, very strong correlations were found between cohesiveness and 38 resilience and between adhesiveness and stickiness. 39 40

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