Prevention and Reuse: Waste Hierarchy Steps Before Waste Collection

Pires, Ana; Rodrigues, Susana; Gomes, Maria Isabel

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-93200-2_2

Cited by 6 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Most especially in the newly introduced on-site recovery and recycling of the recyclables from the waste stream, which has been a challenge for sometimes in the study area until of recent. Therefore, if the solid waste management hierarchy tool concept is fully utilized, the rest is simple; this is because waste will have been reduced by almost 35-40% [9,10] Kano Municipal and Nassarawa, as urban centers, are known for their overpopulation and commercial activities. Kano Municipal and Nassarawa like many other cities in Nigeria are faced with perennial ecological problems favorable to the survival of parasites causing diseases.…”

Section: Tools and Methods Usedmentioning

confidence: 99%

Challenges of SWM Hierarchy System: The Stakeholders New Saga in Perspectives

Saleh¹,

Marzuki²

2023

Solid Waste and Landfills Management - Recent Advances

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The book chapter assesses the recent role and advance of private companies/contractors in solid waste management in Kano Metropolis, Nigeria, and the various challenges that ensue as a result of their operations. The methods used include: direct field measurement, focus group discussion, inventory, individual interviews, questionnaire administration, and case study of the operation of private companies in two local government areas of Kano state. The result shows that the total number of 50 inventoried registered companies operating under franchise agreement in Kano metropolis are contributing greatly in terms of efficiency and effectiveness of refuse collection, recovery of material, recycling and disposal, creation of employment opportunities, economic development of Kano Metropolis through real capital investment, among others. The discussion in this paper comes to the conclusion that the Nigeria’s solid waste management system requires the adoption of suitable collection, reduction, treatment, recovery, and recycling technologies (solid waste hierarchy). Through a variety of currently accessible scientific treatment approaches, it is necessary to underline the relevant consequences for the potential solutions in MSW at the local and state level. Municipalities (L.G.A.), with the help of the unorganized sector and private waste management companies, are therefore required to concentrate on developing potentials and opportunities in order to achieve the necessary MSWM sustainability for Nigerian cities. This can be done by allowing the stakeholders in SWM to extend their coverage beyond the current operational area to include the entire metropolis.

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Section: Tools and Methods Usedmentioning

confidence: 99%

Challenges of SWM Hierarchy System: The Stakeholders New Saga in Perspectives

Saleh¹,

Marzuki²

2023

Solid Waste and Landfills Management - Recent Advances

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“…Around the world, the definition of waste is different in the legal systems of individual countries [ 20 ]. In the EU, according to Directive 2008/98/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 19 November 2008 on waste, and repealing certain Directives (OJ L 312 22.11.2008, p. 3), ‘waste’ means any substance or object that the holder discards or intends or is required to discard.…”

Section: Pharmaceutical Wastementioning

confidence: 99%

Household Pharmaceutical Waste Disposal as a Global Problem—A Review

Rogowska

Zimmermann

2022

IJERPH

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The negative effect of the pharmaceuticals presence (persistence?) in various components of the environment is a global problem today. These compounds are released into the environment as a result of, inter alia, their use and improper disposal. Therefore, it is important to reduce excessive drug consumption and to develop a system for the collection of unused/expired pharmaceuticals. The effectiveness of actions in this area is inextricably linked with the need to educate society on how to deal properly with unwanted medications. The aim of the study was to show that the inappropriate handling of unused/expired drugs by society is an important problem in waste management systems, and it impacts the state of the environment. Forty-eight scientific articles published between 2012 and 2021 were taken into account that discussed the systems in various countries for the collection of unused/expired pharmaceuticals. This literature review shows that the main method of disposing of unused/expired medications, according to respondents from different countries, is either by disposing of them in household waste or flushing them into the sewage system. This is also the case in countries with systems or programs for the return of redundant drugs, which indicates that these systems are not sufficiently effective. This may be influenced by many factors, including the lack or ineffective education of the society.

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“…According to the EU Waste Framework Directive ( Figure 1 ), the amount of generated waste should be reduced first (e.g., through a conscious design of products consisting of minimizing the consumption of raw materials, facilitating reuse and recycling) [ 29 , 54 , 60 , 61 ]. With regard to plastic waste, four main methods of EoL management ( Figure 2 ) are used: reuse, recycling, landfilling, and incineration (without energy recovery).…”

Section: Recycling Engineering and Shreddingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The concept of material/product reuse assumes that after the completion of the first life cycle, the product is not discarded (e.g., in the case of bottles after they have been emptied) but begins another life cycle with the same function (e.g., beverage bottles collected by manufacturers are filled again) or a completely different function without any processing operations, e.g., using yogurt containers as flower pots. [ 29 , 61 ]. Most often, in the case of a contaminated (disturbed) polymer waste (system A, Figure 3 ), certain preparatory operations (e.g., system B, Figure 3 ) are necessary, such as sorting, washing, drying, or repair.…”

Section: Recycling Engineering and Shreddingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Most often, in the case of a contaminated (disturbed) polymer waste (system A, Figure 3 ), certain preparatory operations (e.g., system B, Figure 3 ) are necessary, such as sorting, washing, drying, or repair. Reuse operations can take place in a closed loop within a single enterprise or company [ 61 ]. A system B example would be the refilling of beverage bottles.…”

Section: Recycling Engineering and Shreddingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Development of Efficient Contaminated Polymer Materials Shredding in Recycling Processes

2021

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Recently, a dynamic increase in the number of polymer elements ending their life cycle has been observed. There are three main ways of dealing with polymer waste: reuse in an unchanged form, recycling (both material and energy), and disposal (mainly in the form of landfilling or incineration). The legislation of European countries promotes in particular two forms of waste management: reuse and recycling. Recycling processes are used to recover materials and energy especially from contaminated waste, which are structurally changed by other materials, friction, temperature, machine, process, etc. The recycling of polymers, especially of multi-plastic structural elements, requires the use of special technological installations and a series of preparatory operations, including crushing and separating. Due to the universality and necessity of materials processing in recycling engineering, in particular size reduction, the aim of this study is to organize and systematize knowledge about shredding in the recycling process of end-of-life polymeric materials. This could help properly design these processes in the context of sustainable development and circular economy. Firstly, an overview of the possibilities of end-of-life plastics management was made, and the meaning of shredding in the end-of-life pathways was described. Then, the development of comminution in recycling processes was presented, with special emphasis given to quasi-cutting as the dominant mode of comminution of polymeric materials. The phenomenon of quasi-cutting, as well as factors related to the material, the operation of the shredding machine, and the technological process affecting it were described. Research conducted on quasi-cutting as a phenomenon when cutting single material samples and quasi-cutting as a machine process was characterized. Then, issues regarding recycling potentials in the context of shredding were systematized. Considerations included the areas of material, technical, energy, human, and control potentials. Presented bases and models can be used to support the innovation of creative activities, i.e., environmentally friendly actions, that produce specific positive environmental results in the mechanical processing of recycled and reused materials. The literature survey indicates the need to explore the environmental aspect of the shredding process in recycling and connect the shredding process variables with environmental consequences. This will help to design and control the processes to get the lowest possible environmental burdens.

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Prevention and Reuse: Waste Hierarchy Steps Before Waste Collection

Cited by 6 publications

References 24 publications

Challenges of SWM Hierarchy System: The Stakeholders New Saga in Perspectives

Challenges of SWM Hierarchy System: The Stakeholders New Saga in Perspectives

Household Pharmaceutical Waste Disposal as a Global Problem—A Review

The Development of Efficient Contaminated Polymer Materials Shredding in Recycling Processes

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