Objective. To evaluate interleukin-10 (IL-10) production in relatives of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).Methods. Production of IL-10 was evaluated in 13 families in which several members had SLE. The constitutive IL-10 production in SLE patients (n = 16) was compared with that in healthy members of these multiplex families (n = 70), in 30 SLE patients who had no relatives with SLE, and in 46 healthy unrelated controls.Results. The level of IL-10 production did not differ between SLE patients who were members and those who were not members of multiplex families (mean f SEM 4,384 f 908 pglml and 4,709 f 560 pglml, respectively), but was higher in both groups than in healthy unrelated controls (515 & 88 pglml). The healthy members of the multiplex families constitutively produced large amounts of IL-10 (3,080 -C 311 pglml; P < 0.001 compared with healthy unrelated controls).This high IL-10 production was independent of age and sex, and was similar in first-and second-degree relatives of SLE patients. The IL-10 was produced both by monocytes and by a subpopulation of B lymphocytes in SLE patients and in their relatives.Conclusion.
CCL28 is a mucosa-associated epithelial-cell-produced chemokine involved in oral defense. We assessed the level of CCL28 in saliva of primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS) patients in comparison with healthy controls and correlated it with IgA salivary levels. We included 30 non-smoker pSS patients and 30 non-smoker healthy controls paired by age (±5 years). Saliva samples were collected during the morning and kept frozen at -86 °C until the analysis. Fifty microliters of saliva was diluted 3:1 with water and analyzed for CCL28 salivary levels by ELISA method. The samples were tested in triplicate. IgA salivary levels were tested by ELISA method. We used descriptive statistics, Mann-Whitney U test and Kendall's tau correlation coefficients. pSS patients were mostly females (93.3 %), mean age 54.5 ± 13.3 years and median disease duration of 7.6 years (0.5-33). Patients with pSS had lower levels of salivary CCL28 when compared with controls [0 (0-1,272 pg/ml) vs. 94.4 (0-5,810) pg/ml, p < 0.0001]. pSS patients also had lower median levels of salivary IgA [72.55 μg/ml (0.40-297.4)] than controls [131.9 μg/ml (6.8-281.8)], although the latter results did not reach statistical significance (p = 0.51). Among the SS group, there was no correlation between CCL28 and IgA salivary levels nor between salivary IgA and disease duration, salivary flow, serum immunoglobulins or dental loss. CCL28 was absent in saliva of pSS patients; however, this finding did not correlate with salivary IgA levels.
Objectives-To analyse major histocompatibility complex (MHC) haplotypes in Mexican mestizo patients with seronegative spondyloarthropathies (SSpA) and normal controls, to discover if there are other antigens, besides B27, in the HLA region that might show association with the disease. Methods-The study included 100 Mexican mestizo patients with SSpA and 200 of their first degree relatives. These groups were compared with 85 ethnically matched controls. The class I and class III MHC antigens were obtained by standard methods. The significance of differences between patients and controls was tested by x2 analysis; linkage disequilibrium among the different alleles in each haplotype was estimated by computing delta values. Results-We found a significantly increased frequency of the HLA-B27 antigen (pcorr. = 1 x 10-5, odds ratio (OR) = 334, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 9-3-142.0).In the group of 45 SSpA patients negative for the B27 antigen, independent increased frequencies ofHLA-B49 antigen (Pcorr. = 0-03, OR = 6-5, 95% CI = 1-5-32-8)) and the FC31 complotype (pco,. = 0*04, [3][4][5][6][7]
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