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A B S T R A C TEgypt is endemic for Newcastle disease virus (NDV) with continuous long-lasting outbreaks causing significant losses in the poultry industry. This study was designed to isolate and identify NDV from different localities in Egypt (Giza, Gharbiya, Kalyobiya, Sharkia, Menofia, Fayoum and Minia) among chicken flocks and estimate its virulence using Mean death time (MDT) and intra-cerebral pathogenicity index (ICPI). Forty samples were collected from chickens either alive or dead showing clinical findings and post-mortem lesions characteristic for NDV. Virus propagation in embryonated chicken eggs was confirmed by hemagglutination (HA) test and identified by hemagglutination inhibition (HI) test using NDV specific antiserum. The results indicated that 23 (57.5 %) out of 40 samples were NDV positive. The isolate from Giza was velogenic with MDT of 48 hours and ICPI of 1.625. While the isolate from Qualubiya was lentogenic with MDT of 96 hours and ICPI of 0.4375.These findings provide data on biological pathotyping of NDV in chickens in Egypt and emphasize importance of NDV surveillance for improving of strategies for the control of the disease.

Aim: Molecular identification of field isolated pox virus from infected chickens in Egyptian farms in 2012 by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Materials and Methods:Isolation and identification of fowl pox virus (FPV isolate ch-08TK) from 30 day-old chickens manifesting pox lesions. The isolate was propagated successfully on chorioallantioc membrane of specific pathogen free (SPF) embryonated chicken eggs and clear pock lesions were observed. These lesions were homogenated and used to infected 4.5 SPF chickens and pigeons (via wing web route for chickens and via feather follicle route into the thigh of pigeons) using 10 EID /mL; uninoculated birds of each species were used as negative controls for determining the effect of isolated FPV strain. 50Result: The isolated strain gave pathogenic takes 100% in chickens and 75% in pigeons. Virus identification by PCR was done using dream Tag master mix kit using the primers that targeted thymidinekinase (TK) gene. These primers were designed using Lasergene DNASTAR software Version 10. We used these primers to amplify a 305 bp fragment of the TK gene of FPV. Phylogenetic analysis of sequenced TK amplicone which reflects a new emerging isolate of the field isolated FPV gave very limited similarity (not exceeding 60%) with the published sequences. Thus FPV isolate ch-08 TK gene (with Accession No. KF314718 in Gen Bank) is different than canary, Egypt, 2012, P4b and Elsharqyia-FWPV2 FPV140 (FPV140); TKPV FPV140 (FPV140) and PGPV FPV (FPV140) which have been isolated from cases of avipox virus in 2011 from skin crust of different domesticated birds reared under the Egyptian backyard management system. Our sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of newly isolated virus using DNASTAR software Version 10 revealed that this virus differ from canary, Egypt, 2012, P4b and Elsharqyia-(FWPV2 FPV140 (FPV140); TKPV FPV140 (FPV140) and PGPV FPV (FPV140)) according to published data in Gen Bank. Conclusion:FPV (isolated ch-08 TK gene with Accession number KF314718 in Gen Bank) was isolated from 30 day old laying chickens suffering from pox lesions. We believe that this study is the first molecular identification of FPV strain from laying chickens in Egypt.

for drawing the epidemiological chart of distribution of IBV through the forementioned localities.The cardinal signs of the disease in layers were drop in egg production, with watery albumen, inferior (pale-misshape shell) eggs, while in broilers were respiratory distress, renal urate deposition and mortality. Identification of IBV was by reverse transcriptase -polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) of RNA extracted from trachea and kidney tissues from freshly dead birds. There were 7/16 (about 43.7%) of selected suspected farms were positive for IBV with RT-PCR. A 600bp hypervariable spike glycoprotein (S1) gene was amplified and sequenced to study genetic diversity between viruses. Sequence analysis was successfully performed with six isolates and failed with one isolate. The phylogenetic analysis revealed that four isolates related to variant Israelin strains , three of them related to (IS/1494/06 ) and other one related to( IB isolate-variant -2 S1).Other two isolates ,one of them related to classical vaccinal strain (H120) and other related to variant vaccinal strain (D274). Using two IBV isolates related to IS/1494/06 as challenging viruses one of them respiratory form and other nepherotropic form , 6 different vaccination programs of different commercial available IB vaccines. The results indicated that priming with M48 vaccine at 7 day old followed by IB Primer one week later gave the highest protection as assessed by clinical signs , weight loss , antibody titer and histopathological lesion of trachea and kidneys.

Aim: The present study was designed to evaluate live Gumboro (IBD) vaccine prepared from local variant isolated strain (Egy-IBD Var 2009 Vp2 gene-, partial cds submitted in gen bank at accession no. : JN 118617) for controlling IBD problem in Egypt. Material and Methods: Local isolated variant strain was adapted on Baby Grivet Monkey kidney cell line -70(BGM-70) 7.5 4.5 used for preparation of tissue culture (T.C) live vaccine. T.C IBDV had a titer of 10 TCID /ml (10 TCID per dose) after 50 50five passages in BGM-70 cell culture. Evaluation of prepared vaccine was done in vitro by measuring ELISA, and in vivo by protection % against very virulent or variant field IBD isolated strains.Result: Evaluation revealed that the prepared vaccine was safe; sterile; pure; non-immunosuppressive; and efficient. The Geometric Mean Titer (GMT) of ELISA for the prepared vaccine was 8271 and more than 10000 in compared with different commercial IBD vaccines; while protection percentage gave 96-100%; 92-96% and 96-98% in groups vaccinated with commercial (intermediate; intermediate plus and classical) IBD vaccines; respectively in compared to 96-100% in group vaccinated with local prepared vaccine when challenged with very virulent or variant IBD isolated strains. Conclusion:We can use live T.C. IBD vaccine prepared from local variant isolated virus strain as method for control IBD disease in Egypt.