Assessment of a high protein distillers dried grain (HP-DDG) augmented with phytase in diets for European sea bass, Dicentrarchus labrax fingerlings on growth performance, haematological status, immune response and related gut and liver histology. Aquaculture.

The Silver carp, Hypophthalmichthys molitrix, is a native species in China and Eastern Siberia, and has been internationally distributed all over the world. It is not only utilized as human food, but also appreciated by its ability to clean water reservoirs from clogging algae (FAO, 2005). Use of feed additives in aquaculture has received a considerable attention in recent years. Microalgae have a broad spectrum of nutritious compounds including proteins, vitamins, essential amino and fatty acids, minerals, and pigments (Becker, 2007). Feeding behavior studies have shown that many fish, including carnivorous fish, ingest algae as a food source. Thus, the use of algae as a feed additive might help in effective utilization of artificial diets in cultured fish (Mustafa & Nakagawa, 1995). Adding small amounts of micro algae into fish feeds improved growth rate, feed efficiency, body composition and disease resistance (Nakagawa et al., 1993).Among microalgae, Chlorella vulgaris is widely distributed in nature, especially in freshwater bodies. Chlorella vulgaris can survive by photo-autotrophy as well as heterotrophy utilizing external carbon source. Hence, Chlorella vulgaris is easily cultured ARTICLE INFO

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Background and Objective:The plant wastes (inedible parts) contain many functional and nutraceutical compounds and are a rich source of bioactive components and fiber. These by-products have a bad effect on the environment. This study was conducted to evaluate the nutritional value of Strawberry Calyces (SC) when added as an additive to the tilapia diet and to investigate its effect on growth performance, feed utilization and the physiological status of fish. Materials and Methods: A 70 days nutritional experiment was done on four groups of tilapia fry with an initial weight of 1.53±0.02 g, which were fed on test diets (40.03% protein, 399.61 kcal) as control (0%), SC 1 (1%), SC 2 (2%) and SC 3 (3%) of strawberry calyces. Results:The results cleared those strawberry byproducts, rich in nutritional values with a high percentage of dry matter which consists of main components such as phenolics, vitamins, minerals and considerable amounts of fatty and amino acids, that are promising when used as feed additives. Growth performance (weight gain, specific growth rate and length gain) was improved by increasing the level of additive up to 3%, compared to control. Also, feed utilization and body composition were enhanced for the fish. At the same trend, the immune response (IgM and IgD) was improved for the three examined fish groups especially cleared in those fed SC 2 and SC 3 . Conclusion: This article hopes to be applied to the other plant residues and extend such studies to the use of many different plant residues that pollute the environment if left and study the impact of their use in feeding aquatic animals at various levels.