During the COVID-19 pandemic, the application of e-payment has rapidly increased. However, e-payment has not been able to achieve a trustworthy level in e-commerce transactions. Thus, cash payment methods with Cash On Delivery (COD) services still dominate C2C e-commerce payment transactions in Indonesia. This study aims to investigate factors that affect users' switching intentions from COD to e-payment services. The research model was adopted by using the Push-Pull-Mooring framework, integrating perceived COVID-19 risk, technology acceptance, and transaction effort. Empirical research was conducted using data from 546 COD and e-payment users in Indonesia, with Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) being used to validate the model and analyze the hypotheses. The results indicate that switching intention from COD to e-payment is significantly influenced by pull factors in e-payment, which are economic benefits, performance expectancy, effort expectancy, and critical mass. There are also two mooring factors that significantly influence the switching intention from COD to e-payment, which are trust and perceived security and privacy. This study makes a significant contribution to the literature in terms of validating a theoretical framework that emphasizes factors that influence user switching intentions from COD to e-payment in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. This research can be a reference for Indonesian payment system regulators and e-payment service providers in formulating regulations and strategies to accelerate the spread of digital transactions in Indonesia. Doi: 10.28991/esj-2022-SPER-010 Full Text: PDF
A new formalism, Grid Systems, aimed at modelling population dynamics is presented. The formalism is inspired by concepts of Membrane Computing (P Systems) and spatiality dynamics of Cellular Automata. The semantics of Grid Systems describes how stochasticity is exploited for reaction duration as well as reaction selection. Grid Systems perform reactions in maximally parallel manner, imitating natural processes. Environmental events that change population behaviour can be defined in Grid Systems as rewrite rules.\ud
A population model of a species of mosquitoes, Aedes albopictus, is presented. The model considers three types of external events: temperature change, rainfall, and desiccation. The events change the behaviour of the species directly or indirectly. Each individual in the population can move around in the ecosystem. The simulation of the model was performed by using a semantics based tool
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