Underutilized legumes are nutritionally important group of crops with immense medicinal values and contribute significantly as a resource of profit to the poor farmers. Horse gram (Macrotyloma uniflorum) and Bambara groundnut (Vigna subterranean) are two such underutilized legumes largely grown in India and other South Asian countries contribute significantly to the diet of poor people during adverse climatic condition particularly to them who cannot afford to grow pulses that require balanced nutrition. They are fit for diversification, green manuring and may be used as cover crops and also thrive well under stressful dry environment. Changing lifestyle and climate variability bring enough scope for their cultivation and profitability. Horse gram is medicinally superior to other traditionally consumed pulses and can fight against Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Besides its use as fodder crop, it cures urinary stones, gastritis, excessive post-partum bleeding, rheumatism, coronary heart disease, diabetes, etc. Bambara groundnut has distinctive drought adaptations and is suitable under semi-arid climate. Extract of Bambara groundnut is used as weaning food in African countries. The present review focuses on origin, morphology, genetic diversity, traditional uses, nutritional and medicinal importance, potential as food and fodder crop and constraints to higher productivity of both horse gram and Bambara groundnut.
to study effect of different integrated weed management practices on yield and economics of dry direct seeded rice in tarai region. Higher grain yield, biological yield, harvest index characters were recorded under pre emergence application of pendimethalin fb penoxsulam (PoE) fb 1HW 45 DAS at 25 cm spacing which was statistically at par with stale seed bed with shallow tillage fb application of pre-emergence application of pendimethalin fb 1 mechanical weeding (MW) with conoweeder at 25 DAS along with 1HW at 45 DAS, mulch fb penoxsulam (PoE) fb 1HW at 45 DAS, Sesbania line sowing with pre-emergence application of Pendimethalin fb 1 mechanical weeding fb 1HW at 45 DAS and stale seed bed with shallow tillage fb Sesbania line sowing fb pre-emergence pendimethalin fb brown manuring with 2,4-D at 500 g/ha fb1 HW at 45 DAS. Whereas, benefit cost ratio was found higher (2.1) under pre emergence application of pendimethalin fb penoxsulam(PoE) fb 1HW 45 DAS at 25 cm spacing which was statistically at par with stale seed bed with shallow tillage fb application of pre-emergence application of pendimethalin fb 1 mechanical weeding (MW) with conoweeder at 25 DAS along with 1HW at 45 DAS, mulch fb penoxsulam (PoE) fb 1HW at 45 DAS and Sesbania line sowing with pre-emergence application of pendimethalin fb 1 mechanical weeding fb 1HW at 45 DAS. From the study it can be concluded that above three integrated practices were same effective as recommended practice for controlling weed with higher return.
Background: Excessive and unbalanced chemical fertilization in crop husbandry has attracted much attention because of soil health issues, reducing crop quality, increasing production cost and environmental risks. Organic farming is perceived as the best-known alternative method and has numerous environmental benefits. “Vermiwash” is liquid manure extracted from earthworms rich-vermicompost containing soluble nutrients, growth hormones, enzymes and many micro-organisms. As a result, the purpose of this study was to see how vermiwash affected the production and quality of black gram. Methods: During the kharif 2018, a field experiment was set up in a randomized block design to assess the effect of nine vermiwash treatments prepared from different organic wastes like cow dung, buffalo dung, green and dry field wastes and their combinations on growth, yield attributes and yield, nutrients and protein content of organic black gram (var. PU-31) and biochemical properties of vermiwash. Result: The neutral to slightly alkaline pH (7.72), E.C. (1.39 dSm-1) and maximum nutrients content, greatest average microbiological count (total number of bacteria, fungi and actinomycetes) and enzyme activity (acid phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase and dehydrogenase) were significantly found in treatment (T1) among the various vermiwash treatments at 35 days after collection. Moreover, the foliar application of vermiwash treatment (T1) significantly recorded highest growth, seed yield, nutrients and protein content. Based on-field results, it is possible to infer that treatment T1 (foliar spray in two equal split applications at a rate of 10% at the onset of flowering and 15 days following the first spray) is a better fertilizer practice for organic black gram cultivation.
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