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Light is the main environmental factor which regulates growth and development of crop plants. Decrease in light intensity due to shading adversely affects plant growth and development. The present study was conducted to analyze the effect of varying degree of shades on growth characteristics and yield of wheat crop. Two shading treatments were applied i.e. 33 % shading (L1) and 66 % shading (L2) with full sunlight as control (L0). The experiment was conducted during the winter seasons of 2010-2011 in a split-plot design with three replications with shading treatments in the main plot and five varieties of wheat in the sub plots.The findings of the study showed that the mean crop growth rate, mean relative growth rate, net assimilation rate, leaf area ratio, leaf area index and specific leaf weight were significantly influenced by increasing shade. Grain yield of all the wheat varieties decreased with increase in shading during the year (i.e. 2010-11). Varietal differences in grain under shading are discussed in relation to leaf area index and crop growth rate.

The present investigation was carried out to study the response of physiological seedling vigour parameters of wheat as influenced by different seed invigoration techniques. Seeds of wheat variety UP 2565 were treated with electro-magnetic radiation (EMR) of 100 and 200 mT for one hour, hydropriming for 12 hours and plasma treatment for 6 minutes which were tested along the untreated seeds. The results revealed that all the seed invigoration treatments improved germination and seedling vigour parameters of wheat seed. The water absorption of plasma treated seeds increased by 42.2% and 23.9% after 6 and 12 hours of imbibitions period respectively over untreated seeds. The highest germination percentage was recorded in plasma treated seeds which was at par with electro-magnetic radiation (EMR) for 200 mT. The plasma treated seeds also emerged earlier than control and also took less time to emerge than rest of the treatment including untreated seeds.

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to study effect of different integrated weed management practices on yield and economics of dry direct seeded rice in tarai region. Higher grain yield, biological yield, harvest index characters were recorded under pre emergence application of pendimethalin fb penoxsulam (PoE) fb 1HW 45 DAS at 25 cm spacing which was statistically at par with stale seed bed with shallow tillage fb application of pre-emergence application of pendimethalin fb 1 mechanical weeding (MW) with conoweeder at 25 DAS along with 1HW at 45 DAS, mulch fb penoxsulam (PoE) fb 1HW at 45 DAS, Sesbania line sowing with pre-emergence application of Pendimethalin fb 1 mechanical weeding fb 1HW at 45 DAS and stale seed bed with shallow tillage fb Sesbania line sowing fb pre-emergence pendimethalin fb brown manuring with 2,4-D at 500 g/ha fb1 HW at 45 DAS. Whereas, benefit cost ratio was found higher (2.1) under pre emergence application of pendimethalin fb penoxsulam(PoE) fb 1HW 45 DAS at 25 cm spacing which was statistically at par with stale seed bed with shallow tillage fb application of pre-emergence application of pendimethalin fb 1 mechanical weeding (MW) with conoweeder at 25 DAS along with 1HW at 45 DAS, mulch fb penoxsulam (PoE) fb 1HW at 45 DAS and Sesbania line sowing with pre-emergence application of pendimethalin fb 1 mechanical weeding fb 1HW at 45 DAS. From the study it can be concluded that above three integrated practices were same effective as recommended practice for controlling weed with higher return.