Abstract. Sopialena, Rosfiansyah, Sila S. 2017. The benefit of top soil and fertilizer mixture to improve the ex-coal mining land. Nusantara Bioscience 9: 36-43. The mining activities have led severe impacts on some environmental issues including a decrease in soil fertility, which affects the ability of soil to supply soil nutrients to growing plants, a destruction in soil structure, and the loss of microorganisms, which are important for reforming process to treat organic materials. In this regards, reclamation of mined degraded land has been continually used to improve soil structure and its microorganisms. In practice, for large scale reclamation, fertilizer use can primarily enhance soil qualities in improving plant's growth and yield. It is suggested that healthy soil should contain millions of microorganisms at the aggregation which leads to the improvement of soil nutrients and its structure, as the medium for plant growth. For this purpose, therefore, this study aimed to determine the impact of organic fertilizer (Ostindo) and top soil mixture on microbial diversity, soil fertility and the growth of sengon (Paraserianthes falcataria L. Nielsen). This study made use of a randomized block design, using four treatments and five replications including P0: without top soil and fertilizer, P1: with top soil but without fertilizer, P2: without top soil but with fertilizer, P3: mixture of top soil and fertilizer. The results showed that a mixture of top soil and fertilizer has successfully increased in the number of fungal genus, starting from two genus (Phytium and Penicillium) turning into five genus (Phytium, Fusarium, Penicillium, Aspergillus, and Rhizoctonia), as well as in the number of nematode genus, from two (Dorylaimus and Rhabditis) turning into five genus (Dorylaimus, Steinernema, Dorylaimus, Hoplolaimus, and Mononchus). This study indicated that the mixture has significantly improved soil health in ex-coal mining land, which was viable through the pH level (almost neutral), the significant increase of C, N and P 2 O 5 , and also the growth of Sengon. In conclusion, this study succeeds in demonstrating that the mixture of top soil and fertilizer has enhanced the microbial diversity, soil fertility, and sengon growth.
Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui jenis jenis jamur rizosfer pada tanaman bawang merah di Desa Bendang Raya Kecamatan Tenggarong. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada bulan November 2019 sampai Januari 2020 di Laboratorium Hama Penyakit Tumbuhan Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Mulawarman. Pengambilan sampel tanah rizosfer dilakukan pada lahan yang bergulma terus (tanpa pengendalian gulma), bergulma empat minggu, bergulma tiga minggu, bergulma dua minggu dan bergulma satu minggu. Pengambilan sampel pada kedalaman 0-20 cm. Diambil 12 titik sampel, dikomposit, lalu diambil 1 kg untuk dianalisis di laboratorium. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa kepadatan populasi jamur pada lahan bergulma terus (tanpa pengendalian gulma) adalah 34x103 terdiri dari 4 jenis Jamur yaitu; Penicillium sp.1, Rhizoctonia sp., Gonytrichum sp., Aspergillus sp. pada lahan bergulma empat minggu terdapat 30x103 terdiri dari 3 jenis jamur yaitu Aspergillus sp., Botrytis sp. dan Aureobasidium sp., pada lahan bergulma tiga minggu terdapat 24x103 terdiri dari 3 jenis jamur yaitu Pythium sp., Fusarium sp., dan Aspergillus sp., pada lahan bergulma dua minggu terdapat 23x103 terdiri dari 2 jenis jamur yaitu: Pennicillium sp., Trichoderma sp. dan pada lahan bergulma satu minggu terdapat 10x103 yang terdiri dari 2 jenis Jamur yaitu Trichoderma sp. dan Aspergillus sp.
Sopialena, Sila S, Rosfiansyah, Nurdiana J. 2018. The role of neem leaves as organic pesticides in chili pepper (Capsicum frutescens). Nusantara Bioscience 10: 246-250. The agricultural crops and horticultural plants are always under constant assault caused by diseases, insect pests, viruses, and other pathogens which may substantially reduce yield. Chili Pepper (Capsicum annum L.) is a popular horticultural plant of the Solanaceae family in Indonesia. Some serious diseases widely found in chili peppers, are anthracnose (Colletotrichum capsici), leaf spot (Cercospora capsici) and fruit rot (Phytophthora capsici). To manage the potential problems, this study is aimed to provide an explanatory knowledge of the use of plant-based pesticide to control the diseases in chili peppers. The information is meant to fill the knowledge gaps in the use of plant-based pesticide to control the chili diseases. The use of nonchemical pesticide benefits not only the environment but also as an organic strategy for disease management. This research used a randomized complete block design (RCBD) categorized into four groups and six different treatments. The organic pesticides were prepared from the extract of neem leaves, soursop leaves, lemongrass extract, tuba root extract, and kenikir/Cosmos caudatus extract). The result indicates that neem leaves are the most effective organic pesticides to control the chili pepper disease in Indonesia.
Abstract. Suyadi, Sila S, Samuel J. 2021. Nematode diversity indices application to determine the soil health status of Lembo agroecosystem in West Kutai, East Kalimantan Province, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 22: 2861-2869. Lembo is a typical agroecosystem developed by the people of East Kalimantan, especially in the West Kutai District. Lembo agroecosystems (LA) are generally built on the former of sifting cultivation rice fields. The fertile condition of tropical rainforest land in East Kalimantan, if converted to a rice field agroecosystem, its fertility decreases drastically. However, Lembo is an agroecosystem similar to the forest, and its soil health status in this study was determined by using nematode diversity indices as the indicator. Nematode diversity indices are very useful as indicators because nematodes occupy all positions of the micro food web in the rhizosphere. They can support the increase in soil fertility or pose risks as a pest. This study was aimed to determine the health status of LA soil by using evaluation indicators: (i) nematode absolute abundance, (ii) nematode diversity indices [Shannon-Wiener index (H'), genera richness index (GR), and dominance index (?)], and (iii) nematode maturity indices (?MI, MI, MI2-5, PPI, and the PPI/MI-ratio), and using the oil palm plantation (OPP) as the comparison agroecosystem. Based on nematode maturity indices, LA soil health status was categorized as good with MI value > 2.6, the community abundance of nematode genera in the colonizers' group (c-p2) ? 50%, and community abundance of nematode genera in the persisters group (c-p4) > 10%. Then based on the nematode diversity indices (H', GR, and ?), the LA soil health status was higher than the OPP soil health status, in LA the values of H', GR, and ? were 30%-43%, 60%-91%, and 12%-88%, respectively higher than OPP. The pest status of plant-parasitic nematodes in both agroecosystems is relatively light because their presence is counterbalanced by predatory, carnivore, and omnivore nematodes.
Banana is a commodity that supports food security and is also an agribusiness commodity that is cultivated in almost all countries with tropical and subtropical climates. Currently, the productivity of bananas developed by the community is still very low. The productivity gap is due to improper cultivation techniques and high pest and disease-causing disturbances, especially by fungal attacks found in the rhizosphere of banana plants. The aim of the study was to identify the rhizosphere fungus on the kepok banana plant that grows in the plains and hills. This research was conducted at the Laboratory of Plant Diseases Pests, Faculty of Agriculture, Mulawarman University. This research was conducted by surveying and taking soil samples. Three samples were taken from each place, so the total number of samples was 6 samples. The results of the research on the rhizosphere of the kepok banana plant that grew in the plains were Trichoderma sp., Rhizopus sp., Beauveria sp., Penicillium sp. and Aspergillus sp. with an average population of 30 x 103 CFU/g and the hills found the fungus Pythium sp., Trichoderma sp., Colletotrichum sp. and Fusarium sp. population mean 23.6 x 103 CFU/g
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