Diabetic Retinopathy (DR) grading into different stages of severity continues to remain a challenging issue due to the complexities of the disease. Diabetic Retinopathy grading classifies retinal images to five levels of severity ranging from 0 to 5, which represents No DR, Mild non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR), Moderate NPDR, Severe NPDR, and proliferative diabetic retinopathy. With the advancement of Deep Learning, studies on the application of the Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) in DR grading have been on the rise. High accuracy and sensitivity are the desired outcome of these studies. This paper reviewed recently published studies that employed CNN for DR grading to 5 levels of severity. Various approaches are applied in classifying retinal images which are, (i) by training CNN models to learn the features for each grade and (ii) by detecting and segmenting lesions using information about their location such as microaneurysms, exudates, and haemorrhages. Public and private datasets have been utilised by researchers in classifying retinal images for DR. The performance of the CNN models was measured by accuracy, specificity, sensitivity, and area under the curve. The CNN models and their performance varies for every study. More research into the CNN model is necessary for future work to improve model performance in DR grading. The Inception model can be used as a starting point for subsequent research. It will also be necessary to investigate the attributes that the model uses for grading.
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The revolution of technology brings many benefits towards diverse population. Digital game is one of the digital technologies that has potential to facilitate older adults' daily routine. However, some of them faces challenges to adopt the usage of digital games in their daily lives, one of which is that most commercial games are not suitable for older people. This paper discusses the investigation into the challenges associated with the older adults' adoption of digital games, their interaction, and experiences with digital games and specifically explores the andragogical perspectives, and game design attributes. A set of questionnaires consisted of open-ended and close-ended questions were distributed, targeting the older adults across Malaysia, using online and non-probability sampling technique. 81 respondents were recruited, and 56 respondents (n=56) were eligible in this study. Four participants were recruited for informal interview session. The analysis of the results indicates that the older adults' perception of digital games and game design aspects are the major factors influencing their digital game adoption. Game designs are important to attract many older adults to experience and interact with digital games.
Background The revolutionary technology of smartphone-based retinal imaging has been consistently improving over the years. Smartphone-based retinal image acquisition devices are designed to be portable, and easy to use, besides being low-cost which enables eye care to be more widely accessible especially in geographically remote areas. This enables early disease detection for those who are in low- and middle- income population or just in general has very limited access to eye care. This study investigates the limitation of smartphone compatibility of existing smartphone-based retinal image acquisition devices. Additionally, this study aims to propose a universal adapter that is usable with an existing smartphone-based retinal image acquisition device, the PanOptic ophthalmoscope. This study also aims to simulate the reliability, validity, and performance overall of improved develop prototype. Existing studies have shown that the concept of smartphone-based retinal imaging is still limited to screening purposes only. Furthermore, existing smartphone-based devices also have a limited smartphone compatibility where it is only usable with specific smartphone models. Methods A literature review was conducted that identifies the limitation of smartphone compatibility among existing smartphone-based retinal image acquisition devices. Designing and modelling of proposed adapter was performed using the software AutoCAD 3D. For proposed performance evaluation, finite element analysis (FEA) in the software Autodesk Inventor and 5-point scale method were applied. Results It was identified how a universal adapter is beneficial in broadening the usability of existing smartphone-based retinal image acquisition devices as most of the devices that are available in the market have limited smartphone compatibility. A functional universal adapter was developed and found to be suitable with two smartphones that have different camera placement and dimensions. The proposed performance evaluation method was able to generate efficient stress analysis of the proposed adapter design. Conclusion The concept of a universal and suitable adapter for retinal imaging using the PanOptic ophthalmoscope was presented in this paper. Performance evaluation methods proposed were identified to be sufficient to analyze the behavior of proposed adapter when an external load is applied and determine its suitability with the PanOptic ophthalmoscope.
it gives us imm ense pleas ure to welc ome over 150 gues ts and deleg ates from Univ ersit ies, Rese arch Orga nizat ions, Indu stry, Gove rnme nt, and NGO s from over 15 coun tries arou nd the worl d to the Conf eren ce. Also, a very warm welc ome to the beau tiful and Aust ralia n Trop ical Capi tal Brisb ane in a virtu al way. COVI D-19 chan ged man y of our curre nt prac tices in 2021 inclu ding face -to-f ace conf eren ces but we are than kful to all conf eren ce auth ors and deleg ates who supp orted our idea of arran ging this conf eren ce onlin e.CSDE & i-CO STE 2021 rece ived just belo w 386 subm issio ns from 21 coun tries with 810 co-a utho rs acro ss six cont inen ts. Auth ors from Chin a, Aust ralia , Japa n, the Unite d State s, Germ any, India , Bang lades h, Fiji, the Unite d King dom , Kore a, Mala ysia, Sout h Afric a, and Braz il had resp ectiv ely subm itted the high est num ber of pape rs to the Conf eren ce. Each subm issio n was peer -revi ewed by at least two expe rts in the resp ectiv e field s and the acce ptan ce decis ions were base d on at least two cons isten t reco mme ndat ions, ensu ring high quali ty and stan dard of the Conf eren ce and its Proc eedin gs. In total , 150 pape rs from 810 auth ors were final ly acce pted and are inclu ded in the Conf eren ce Proc eedin gs and Prog ram. From thes e auth ors, 120 have one acce pted pape r, 25 have two acce pted pape rs and 5 have 3 or more acce pted pape rs. The acce pted and sche dule d pape rs will be pres ente d in 23 oral sess ions over a 3-da y perio d. A few acce pted pape rs were subm itted to the spec ial sess ions of the Conf eren ce.We are also privi leged to have 5 disti ngui shed keyn ote spea kers, one PhD thes is symp osim . We woul d like to take this oppo rtun ity and than k all disti ngui shed keyn ote spea kers, subje ct track chair s, sess ion chair s, num erou s revie wers and auth ors, and all mem bers of the tech nical and orga nizat ion comm ittee s. We since rely than k the Conf eren ce' s finan cial spon sor IEEE and tech nical co-s pons ors, and all supp ortin g unive rsitie s from seve ral coun tries . With out their grea t supp ort, this conf eren ce could not have been succ essfu l. We wish all of you a very pleas ant and fruit ful onlin e time at the Conf eren ce, and we hope that you could have an oppo rtun ity to Brish bane in a futu re conf eren ce, host ed by us, when the COVI D-19 pand emic is settl ed down . Now offic ially I anno unce the open ing of IEEE CSDE /i-CO STE 2021 . Over to MC.
Smartphones have become an essential device that not only acts as a communication media, but it is also able to assist its user to do multiple tasks. A fisherman is an example of a community member that uses a smartphone. If a smartphone is fully utilised, it can be a huge help for the fishermen to sell their catch and fishery products. However, there is no proper medium, such as an mobile application, for this group of people to sell their catch. Hence, the e-Nelayan Marketplace App is introduced. This app enables the fishermen mainly in Kota Samarahan to sell their catch and other fishery products more effectively. The functionalities of this app include the ability to advertise the catch and let customers and fishmongers know the type of fish being sold. In addition, an interactive graphical user interface was designed to display the output of each functional module. In order to evaluate the user acceptance towards the app, several tests were conducted, such as the performance, portability, compatibility, and usability testing. With the development of this project, it is hoped that the application will benefit not only fishermen but also customers and fishmongers.
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