In the obese offspring of hypertensive parents, HRV markers, which represent a vagal dominance were reduced substantially, and indices of sympathetic activity were increased. So obesity in a normotensive offspring of a hypertensive parent is an additional risk factor for the future development of hypertension as it further dysregulates the autonomic control of the heart.
Background: The autonomous dysfunction associated with obesity could lead to changes in resting heart rate (RHR), which has been linked with adverse cardiovascular outcomes. Scanty data is available on RHR among young adults of non-obese (NW) and obese (OB). Aims & Objective: The present study was aimed at determining the effect of body composition and adiposity on RHR Materials and Methods: Study was conducted on medical students (n= 132, age: 19-20 years) in Davangere, India. Anthropometric measures were obtained and BMI, WC, HC, WSR were measured. Body fat percentage (BF %), Fat mass (FM) were estimated and Fat Free Mass (FFM) was calculated. RHR was measured using a standard ECG after complete rest. Pearson's correlations (r) were computed obesity indices and RHR. ANOVA & Independent t test as appropriate were used to compare RHR between non-obese (NW) and obese (OB). Results: The obesity indices showed 40.1% students were generally obese (BMI ≥ 25.0 kg/m 2). Central obesity (WC > 85 cm OR WSR > 50.0) was found in 34.1% (WC Mean = 86.1 ± 2.7; WSR Mean = 0.52 ± 0.02). Obese group presented with comparatively continuous faster RHR (Mean 80.21 ± 3.8 bpm) and was significantly positively correlated with obesity indices BMI, WC, WSR, FFM (r = 0.476, 0.678, 0.332, 0.617 respectively). Conclusion: RHR had higher values and significantly positive correlation with obesity indices among obese group compared to non-obese individuals (p<0.05). A significantly higher RHR points towards an altered autonomic balance in obese young adults. This underscores the need to implement health education program to combat obesity among young adults.
Background: Many physiological adaptations occur during pregnancy. One such is changes in the respiratory functions and response to exercise. Many studies have been conducted on changes in peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) in pregnancy, but there are only few studies reporting the effect of exercise on PEFR in pregnant women.
Aims and Objectives:To study the effect of exercise on PEFR in pregnant women. Materials and Methods: PEFR was measured in 50 pregnant women in their second trimester of pregnancy in comparison with nonpregnant women (controls). PEFR was measured twice. The first reading was taken at rest and the second after moderate exercise, in the form of walking on a treadmill for 6 min at 12% slope. It was measured using RMS Medspiror. Results: The mean age of the pregnant women was 23.1 ± 2.7 years and that of the controls was 24.3 ± 2.4 years. The mean height was 1.51 ± 0.05 m in pregnant women and 1.51 ± 0.04 m in controls. In pregnant women, PEFR at rest was lower than that in nonpregnant women. The difference was found to be statistically significant. After exercise, the PEFR decreased in both pregnant and nonpregnant women. The percentage of decrease did not change significantly between the two groups. Conclusion: We conclude that although resting PEFR in pregnant women is less, there is not much difference in the response to exercise between the two groups. Thus, pregnant women can be encouraged to exercise regularly.
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