CaO nanoparticles (NP) were synthesized through solution combustion using crude glycerin (biodiesel by-product) as the combustion fuel. The synthesized CaO NP were characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR), X-ray diffractometer (XRD), temperature programmed desorption of carbon dioxide (CO 2 -TPD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), and transmission electron microscope (TEM). The CaO NP were successfully used as a catalyst for biodiesel synthesis. Response surface methodology was used to determine the optimal conditions for biodiesel production from Butea monosperma oil (BMO) using central composite design. A total of 20 experiments were designed and conducted to study the effects of the methanol to BMO molar ratio, reaction time, and catalyst loading conditions on the biodiesel yield. A yield of 96.2% of Butea monosperma methyl ester (BMME or biodiesel) was obtained under optimum conditions, namely a molar ratio (methanol to BMO) of 9:1, a reaction time of 70 min, a catalyst loading of 1.60 wt%, a constant temperature of 65 C, and an agitation speed of 600 rpm. The fatty-acid composition of BMO was characterized through gas chromatography. Finally, BMME was characterized using FTIR, 1 H NMR, and 13 C NMR, and the fuel properties of BMME were determined using the test methods of the American Society for Testing and Materials. Keywords Crude glycerin Á CaO nanoparticles Á Central composite design Á Butea monosperma oil Á Butea monosperma methyl ester J Am Oil Chem Soc (2018) 95: 635-649. J Am Oil Chem Soc (2018) 95: 635-649 J Am Oil Chem Soc J Am Oil Chem Soc (2018) 95: 635-649 637 J Am Oil Chem Soc J Am Oil Chem Soc (2018) 95: 635-649

Burning coal emits contaminant gases that come into contact with turbine parts and speed up hot corrosion. To overcome the corrosion effect, it is necessary to opt for thermal spray coatings that offer resistance to hot corrosion. In the current study, hot corrosion investigations were done on both uncoated and high‐velocity oxygen fuel spray‐coated Superco‐650 alloys at 700°C for 50 cycles, in Na2SO4 + 60% V2O5 salt environment. At the end of each cycle, the weight gains or loss was recorded. We used powder X‐ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) to examine the hot corrosion impact. Our finding demonstrated that the uncoated Superco‐605 alloy was subjected to extensive spallation in the form of oxide scale remgoval due to the formation of an unprotected Fe2O3 oxide phase. Contrarily the coated Superco‐605 alloy gained less weight, and the oxide scales remained undamaged. The nickel, chromium oxides, and their sulfide phases were revealed by the EDS examination of the oxide scale over the coated sample, which is presumed to offer resistance to high‐temperature corrosion effects.

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Background: To achieve optimal blood glucose levels educating diabetic patient alone may not be sufficient but the entire family must have access to proven preventive measure. The present study was done to assess the outcome of self-care management practices educational intervention among family member on diabetic individuals.Methods: This prospective interventional cluster randomization study was conducted in rural field practice area, attached to department of Community medicine of Hassan Institute of Medical Sciences. Clusters were formed among the population based on the sub-centres and four clusters were randomly selected. Two clusters were assigned for family intervention and two clusters with individual intervention.Results: Consuming 5 or more serving of fruits and vegetables for more than 5 days a week, increased in the FIC after education and the difference in increase was statistically significant (p<0.02). Physical activity with specific exercise sessions increase after the intervention and the increase was statistically significant in the FIC (p<0.08).  Adherence to medication and testing attained statistically significant increase in the FIC. Also washing of foot daily with luke-warm water increase was statistically significant in both the Intervention Clusters (p<0.0002). On subsequent follow up there was a significant improvement in BMI of family intervention cluster (p<0.03) as compared to individual intervention cluster.Conclusions: Health education intervention activity at the community involving the supportive members of the family can drive-in to bring about behavioural change in the desired direction.