The health benefits imparted by probiotics and prebiotics as well as synbiotics have been the subject of extensive research in the past few decades. These food supplements termed as functional foods have been demonstrated to alter, modify and reinstate the pre-existing intestinal flora. They also facilitate smooth functions of the intestinal environment. Most commonly used probiotic strains are: Bifidobacterium, Lactobacilli, S. boulardii, B. coagulans. Prebiotics like FOS, GOS, XOS, Inulin; fructans are the most commonly used fibers which when used together with probiotics are termed synbiotics and are able to improve the viability of the probiotics. Present review focuses on composition and roles of Probiotics, Prebiotics and Synbiotics in human health. Furthermore, additional health benefits like immune-modulation, cancer prevention, inflammatory bowel disease etc. are also discussed.
The aim of present analytical study was to evaluate the physicochemical and standardization parameters of Caulerpa racemosa, a green marine algae or seaweed. This seaweed was collected and identified from Gujarat state coastal area of India. The shade dried samples of seaweed were subjected to a battery of analytical processes to determine the extractive values and various physicochemical parameters. Further, seaweed was subjected to fluorescence and elemental analysis and quantitative estimation of phytoconstituents. The HPTLC of methanolic extract of seaweed was also conducted. Overall screening of various extracts indicated the presence of carbohydrate, glycoside, alkaloids, tannins, saponin, steroid and triterpenoid. High water soluble extractive value (8.5 ± 1.28 %) indicates the possibility of presence of large quantity of water soluble constituents. The IR spectrum of seaweed showed an absorption band at 2850.88 cm -1 indicating the presence of aldehyde; 1745.64 cm -1 for ester; 1462.09 cm -1 for alkanes and 1018.45 cm -1 for alcohol ester or carboxylic acid. In this study, several elements were determined in the marine alga by using Energy Dispersion X-Ray Fluorescence. In HPTLC findings, among the various solvent systems, pet ether: acetone (8:2 v/v) mobile phase was found to be more suitable for proper compound resolution. HPTLC study has narrowed-down the identification to possible compounds like steroids, saponins and alkaloids; latter was confirmed by quantitative analysis too. The present analytical study of Caulerpa racemosa on physicochemical parameters, preliminary phytochemical analysis, and elemental analysis provides importance information to support further on-going studies to evaluate structure of bioactive compounds and their pharmacology.
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