Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) is an endocrine hormone that controls key metabolic processes and induces the synthesis of glucose transporters, resulting in increased glucose absorption levels in fat cells. It is expressed in multiple metabolically active organs and tissues. FGF21 is also a powerful regulator of glucose homeostasis as a direct downregulating gene of PPAR, which plays a role in regulating the activity of glucose and lipids. Attempts were made to understand various aspects related to FGF21, including properties like receptor binding and genomic linkage map, along with the information about the genes that function in the upregulation of FGF21 and how it, directly and indirectly, downregulates the genes that are vital in various metabolic pathways. Further, various gene regulatory analyses on the specific gene concerning unique mi-RNAs and lnc-RNAs that target FGF21 and alter its functioning along with SNPs were observed, that are the common cause of cell dysregulation, leading to different metabolic diseases and pathogenesis of cancer. Unique protein-protein interaction and crosstalk between FGF21 and PPARγ shed light on their combined role in metabolic disorder-related regulatory activities. Its potential and unique role as an effective biomarker for various cardiovascular and metabolic disorders have also been highlighted. This study attempts to highlight the pleiotropic role of FGF21 activity following its overexpression and inhibition of cascades that results in the induction of obesity from diet and simultaneously signals adipocytes to absorb glucose and decrease triglyceride and blood sugar levels in diabetic models (after administration), rendering it a promising treatment for several metabolic and cardiovascular disorders.
Objectives
Diet is the major modifiable risk factor for the onset of insulin resistance and its progression into diabetes. In the present study the effect of various dietary fats on inflammatory homeostasis and glucose tolerance is investigated in high fat and high fructose fed mice model.
Methods
C57/BL6J mice were divided into four groups and fed a casein-based diet containing high fructose (45%) and high fat (24%) (clarified butter oil [CBO]; safflower oil [SFFO] and lard oil [LO]) for 120 days; oral glucose tolerance (OGTT), plasma lipid profile and plasma & adipose tissue cytokines levels were compared with the control diet (10% groundnut oil and 59.5% starch) fed animals.
Results
The total cholesterol and triglycerides were higher in CBO and LO fed animals with glucose intolerance and increased body weights; liver and white adipose tissue weights were higher in CBO and LO fed animals respectively. CBO feeding increased the plasma (IFN-γ) and adipose tissue cytokines (IFN-γ, IL-10, IL-6 & TNF-α). LO feeding increased plasma IFN-γ, TNF-α and IL-1β and adipose tissue IL-6. SFFO feeding decreased body weight and tissue cytokines and increased plasma IFN-γ levels without causing impairment in the glucose tolerance.
Conclusions
Consumption of a high fructose and high fat diet which mimic the present-day dietary pattern resulted in altered inflammatory homeostasis and impairment in glucose tolerance in 24% CBO and LO fed animals. The deleterious effects of high fructose feeding were reversed in SFFO fed mice possibly due to the presence of oleic and linoleic acids.
With the popularity of smart electronic devices, along with the development of clouds and cloudlet technology, there has been increasing need to provide better medical care. The processing chain of medical data mainly includes data collection, data storage and data sharing, etc. Traditional healthcare system often requires the delivery of medical data to the cloud, which involves users’ sensitive information and causes communication energy consumption. Practically, medical data sharing is a critical and challenging issue. Along these lines in this paper, we develop a novel human services framework by using the adaptability of cloudlet. The elements of cloudlet incorporate security assurance, information sharing and interruption location. In the phase of information accumulation, we initially use Number Theory Research Unit (NTRU) technique to scramble client's body information gathered by wearable gadgets. Those information will be transmitted to close-by cloudlet in a vitality productive form. Also, we introduce another trust model to assist clients with selecting trustable accomplices who need to share put away information in the cloudlet. The trust demonstrate additionally causes comparable patients to speak with each other about their illnesses. Thirdly, we partition clients' therapeutic information put away in remote billow of healing facility into three sections, and give them appropriate insurance. At long last, keeping in mind the end goal to shield the medicinal services framework from malignant assaults, we build up a novel cooperative interruption discovery framework (IDS) strategy in view of cloudlet work, which can viably keep the remote social insurance huge information cloud from assaults. Our examinations show the viability of the proposed conspire.
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