Obesity is a multifactorial disorder associated with increased body adiposity, chronic oxidative stress which contributes to impaired fertility in males. Diet restriction and anti-oxidant supplementations are known to protect obese subjects from oxidative stress and improves fertility. However, the role of oxidative stress and the age of intervention in restoring male fertility are poorly understood. This study was aimed to assess the effect of diet restriction on fertility with respect to the age of intervention, body composition and oxidative stress using WNIN/Ob obese mutant rat strain. Unlike lean and carrier phenotypes, obese rats are hyperphagic, hyperlipaemic and infertile. Male obese rats aged for 35, 60 and 90 days were fed either ad libitum or diet restricted for 6 weeks. Upon diet restriction mean body weight, total body fat percentage, circulatory lipids and oxidative stress markers were significantly reduced and it follows the order as 35 < 60 < 90 days. Diet-restricted males of the three age groups were allowed to mate with female carrier rats, and fertility was restored only in 35-day group. Diet restriction in male obese WNIN/Ob rats lowered the rate of body weight gain, with reduced oxidative stress overall and fertility restoration in groups intervened at pre-pubertal stages.
Objectives
Diet is the major modifiable risk factor for the onset of insulin resistance and its progression into diabetes. In the present study the effect of various dietary fats on inflammatory homeostasis and glucose tolerance is investigated in high fat and high fructose fed mice model.
Methods
C57/BL6J mice were divided into four groups and fed a casein-based diet containing high fructose (45%) and high fat (24%) (clarified butter oil [CBO]; safflower oil [SFFO] and lard oil [LO]) for 120 days; oral glucose tolerance (OGTT), plasma lipid profile and plasma & adipose tissue cytokines levels were compared with the control diet (10% groundnut oil and 59.5% starch) fed animals.
Results
The total cholesterol and triglycerides were higher in CBO and LO fed animals with glucose intolerance and increased body weights; liver and white adipose tissue weights were higher in CBO and LO fed animals respectively. CBO feeding increased the plasma (IFN-γ) and adipose tissue cytokines (IFN-γ, IL-10, IL-6 & TNF-α). LO feeding increased plasma IFN-γ, TNF-α and IL-1β and adipose tissue IL-6. SFFO feeding decreased body weight and tissue cytokines and increased plasma IFN-γ levels without causing impairment in the glucose tolerance.
Conclusions
Consumption of a high fructose and high fat diet which mimic the present-day dietary pattern resulted in altered inflammatory homeostasis and impairment in glucose tolerance in 24% CBO and LO fed animals. The deleterious effects of high fructose feeding were reversed in SFFO fed mice possibly due to the presence of oleic and linoleic acids.
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