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. How to cite this article: Thomas J, Singh M, Goswami TK, Verma S, Badasara SK (2014). Polymerase chain reaction based epidemiological investigation of canine parvoviral disease in dogs at Bareilly region, Veterinary World 7(11): 929-932. AbstractAim: The aim of this study was to screen the suspected samples by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and epidemiological analysis of positive cases of canine parvovirus type2. Materials and Methods:Fecal samples were collected from dogs suspected for canine parvovirus type 2 (CPV-2) and viral DNA was extracted. Primers were designed, and PCR was done with all extracted DNA samples. Age, sex and breed wise distribution of positive cases were analyzed.Results: Out of a total 44 collected fecal samples, 23 were found to be positive for CPV-2 by developed PCR. The disease was found to be more common in Labrador male pups of 3-6 months of age. The percentage of positive cases in vaccinated dogs was found to be around 17.4%. Conclusion:Almost half (52.3%) of total collected samples were found to be positive by PCR. However, number of field samples are needed to further validate this test and additionally sequence analysis needs to be done to ensure the prevalent field strain of CPV-2.

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Cytokines, a family of small proteins secreted by cells play a major and decisive role in immunity and has pleiotropic effects on different cells. Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells (PBMCs) are important cells which play critical role in activation of both innate and adaptive immune responses. Cytokine expression varies with different breeds of chickens and this expression plays a critical role in modulation of immune responses in host. In our study, the basal level expression of different cytokines were assessed in chicken PBMCs (ex vivo) by quantitative real time PCR and comparison between different breeds were determined namely broiler, White Leghorn, and Indigenous Kadaknath. Type I Interferon (IFN) (IFN-β), Th1 cytokine (IFN-γ) and pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin (IL) (IL-1β) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in chicken PBMCs were quantified in this study. Constitutive expression of IFN-β, iNOS were significantly (p < 0.01) higher in WL than that of Kadaknath and broiler birds. While, Kadaknath birds have shown significant up-regulation (p < 0.05) of IL-1β expression. This study suggests that constitutive expression of immune related genes vary with different breeds and can contribute to the differential disease resistance among these breeds. All copyrights reserved to Nexus® academic publishers

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Emerging evidence indicates that dietary n‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) alter the fatty acid composition of corpus luteum (CL) and directly affect the luteal function in the cow, which is independent of the inhibitory effect on the endometrial PGF2α production. The present study, thus, investigated the effects of n‐3 PUFA rich fish oil (FO) supplementation on the transcriptional modulation of genes involved in the biosynthesis of progesterone (P4) in the CL collected during the luteolytic phase of oestrous cycle in the goat. On the day of synchronized oestrus, goats (n = 6/group) were fed an isocaloric diet supplemented with either FO or palm oil (PO). The dose of oil supplementation was 0.6 mlkg‐1 body weight, and the duration was 55–57 days. The FO provided 156 mgkg‐1 body weight of n‐3 eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). The CL was collected by laparotomy on day 16 post‐oestrus, and the relative abundance of P450 side‐chain cleaving enzyme, steroid acute regulatory protein (StAR) and 3β‐hydroxy steroid dehydrogenase (3β‐HSD) genes was quantitated by real‐time PCR. The results indicated that the dietary FO significantly upregulated the expression of 3β‐HSD by 1.13‐fold and downregulated StAR by ~2‐fold as compared to PO group (p < .05). It is concluded that dietary FO differently affected the expression of genes involved in P4 synthesis in the CL during the luteolytic window of the oestrous cycle in the goat.