Self-compacting concrete (SCC) was developed in 1988 and introduced by Professor H. Okamura to achieve durability of structures with low skilled laborers. The three properties of SCC that differentiates it from traditional concrete are passing ability, filling ability and segregation resistance. The present study highlights the developments concerning SCC in the period from 1995 to 2017. This information is important for researchers and professionals working in this area. SCC can be optimized to a larger extent to find the best alternative either by use of additives or tailor-made mix design. Based on different principles and parameters, design methods can be categorized into six classes namely empirical design method, statistical factorial design method, strength-based design method, rheology of paste method, particle packing method and Eco-SCC mixture design method. To develop SCC with high quality a suitable method can be chosen depending upon the situation and application.compressive strength, design mixture method, empirical, particle packing method, rheology of paste method, self-compacting concrete 1 | INTRODUCTION SCC flows into every corner of a mold, passes reinforcement and fill gaps without any need of internal or external vibration and compaction simultaneously maintaining stability without segregation and bleeding of concrete. It has the ability to compact itself only by means of its own weight. [1][2][3][4] In the early 1990s, SCC was introduced in concrete technology. 5 The properties of SCC depend on the source and the type of constituent materials and their properties. 6 The use of SCC eliminates the compacting effort and this results in reduced costs of placement, moreover, a decrease in the duration of construction improves productivity. 7 SCC is a concrete type with high workability, a high flowability and superior resistance to segregation. 8 The property of SCC to completely fill a formwork by filling gaps and to flow around reinforcement without the need of vibration or bleeding makes it significant to use. 9 A good balance between deformability and stability resulted in the successful development of SCC. Different mix design procedures were proposed for SCC that include (a) combinations of a higher volume of mineral additives and water-reducing admixture, (b) combination of water-reducing admixture and viscosity modifying agent. 10 The use of SCC reduces the noise during casting and provides better working conditions. 7,11 The applications of SCC in densely reinforced sections, that is, columns and beams in moment-resisting frames in seismic areas is necessary to ensure that all gaps in a formwork are filled. 7 The use of limestone powder as a fine additive can improve the rheological behavior of cement pastes and the combination of both limestone powder and fly ash can result in a higher packing density. 12 Eco-SCC is a SCC with a maximum total binder content of 315 kg/m 3 which can include cement, silica fume, fly ash and/or limestone filler. 13 Air-entrained SCC was designed with the u...

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A statistically significant decline in serum TSH values and antiTPOab titers indicates that the homeopathic intervention has not only the potential to treat SCH with or without antiTPOab but may also prevent progression to OH.

Premise of the study:Single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) marker discovery in plants with complex allotetraploid genomes is often confounded by the presence of homeologous loci (along with paralogous and orthologous loci). Here we present a strategy to filter for SNPs representing orthologous loci.Methods and Results:Using Illumina next-generation sequencing, 54 million reads were collected from restriction enzyme–digested DNA libraries of a diversity of Gossypium taxa. Loci with one to three SNPs were discovered using the Stacks software package, yielding 25,529 new cotton SNP combinations, including those that are polymorphic at both interspecific and intraspecific levels. Frequencies of predicted dual-homozygous (aa/bb) marker polymorphisms ranged from 6.7–11.6% of total shared fragments in intraspecific comparisons and from 15.0–16.4% in interspecific comparisons.Conclusions:This resource provides dual-homozygous (aa/bb) marker polymorphisms. Both in silico and experimental validation efforts demonstrated that these markers are enriched for single orthologous loci that are homozygous for alternative alleles.

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