Background: Researchers today are driven toward the medicinal and therapeutic value of the natural products like Aloe vera, basil, turmeric, green tea, pomegranate (Punica granatum) to prevent dental caries. The aim of the present study was to determine the antimicrobial activity of pomegranate aril extract on streptococci in dental caries patients and healthy individuals. Materials and Methods:The study group included 40 subjects; age comprised of 18-26 years 20 dental caries patients were taken as an experimental group (after observing the decayed missing fi lled teeth index) and 20 healthy individuals without caries as a control group. Two samples were collected from each subject. The collected sample was streaked on Mitis Salivarius Agar, which was incubated at 37°C for 24 h. The colony forming units (CFU) were counted using manual colony counter, and the data were analyzed using paired t-test and unpaired t-test. Results:The results obtained after pomegranate swish in the experimental group showed a percentage reduction of 52.2% (P < 0.0001) and 33.8% (P < 0.0001) in control group for the CFU. The comparison of after sample between the experimental group and the control group was highly signifi cant. Conclusion:The result obtained in the study clearly demonstrates that the pomegranate aril extract has an antimicrobial eff ect against Streptococcus, thus acting as an anti-cariogenic agent.
Introduction: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a common disease characterized by persistent airflow obstruction with an enhanced chronic inflammatory response in the airways and the lung to noxious particles or gases. Oxygen deficiency (hypoxia) causes an increase in Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS). ROS can be neutralized with antioxidants, one of which is Bael leaf. Objective: To evaluate the antibacterial activity of plant leaf extract against the common isolated bacteria [Psuedomonas aeruginosa]. To know the Relaxant effect of bael leaf (Aegle marmelos) on oxidative stress in Sprague Dawley lung induced chronic systemic hypoxia. Methods: The study was conducted in SIMATS and Sri Akilandeswari Pharma College for the period of Six months from April 2020 to September 2020. 110 sputum samples were analysed for testing antibacterial activity. Neutralization of ROS has been determined by DPPH radical scavenging method. Contractile effect was done by the Organ bath method. Results: Among gram negative bacteria predominantly Pseudomonas aeruginosa is the commonest bacteria. The other important organisms are Klebsiella pneumoniae, E. coli, Acinetobacter species. Antibiotics showing high activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa are Piperacillin tazobactam, Carbapenemase, and Quinolones. mucA gene mutation of P. aeruginosa could be used as predictors to identify poor prognosis in COPD patients. Analysis of antioxidant activity in Aegle marmelos shows 79.8% of reductions in DPPH free radicals for 100μg/ml. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) value of the methanolic extract is around 256 μg/ml. 1mg/ml and 2mg/ml doses of the methanolic extract of this plant produced a positive relaxant effect in an isolated mouse bronchial rings, respectively. Conclusion: Methanolic extracts elicited the antagonistic effect against histamine and also relaxed the histamine-induced contractions, it can be concluded that relaxations induced by A. marmelos in mouse broncheal chain were due to the depression of H1-receptors. This study shows that Aegle marmelos can be effectively used in the treatment of COPD disorders.
Background : Silver nanoparticles pose high antibacterial properties against multi drugresistant and non-resistant bacteria. However, bacteria acquire resistance against chemically synthesized silver nanoparticles after repeated exposure. Therefore, there is an inevitable need to understand the mechanistic behavior of silver nanoparticles. Objective: In this study, we have performed a complete proteomic analysis of Escherichia coli after the treatment with silver nanoparticles to find out the mechanism of bactericidal action of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). Methods: Silver nanoparticles were synthesized using Artemisia annua leaf extract and incubated with Escherichia coli to elucidate the antibacterial assay by determining MIC and the effect on the growth pattern. Further total genome proteins were isolated from control and silver nanoparticles treated bacteria, which were identified by LC MS and Label free quantification analysis technique. Results:: Total identified proteins were 293, out of which 11 proteins were exclusively present in treated bacteria; these are the proteins mainly expressed in stress conditions. Fold change analysis shows that 65 proteins were upregulated where stress proteins are overexpressed while membrane proteins were downregulated. Conclusions: This study reveals that silver nanoparticles inhibit the expression of cellular proteins and cause cell death. Such a study may be helpful in designing drugs against resistant microbes.
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