This paper presents derivation of Giesekus constitutive model in Eulerian description based on ordered rate constitutive theories for thermoviscoelastic fluids for compressible and incompressible cases in contra-, co-variant and Jaumann bases. The ordered rate constitutive theories for thermoviscoelastic fluids of orders (m, n) consider convected time derivative of order m of the deviatoric Cauchy stress tensor in a chosen basis (i.e. co-, contra-variant or Jaumann) as dependent variable in the development of constitutive theories for the stress tensor. Its argument tensors consist of density, temperature, convected time derivatives of the deviatoric Cauchy stress tensor of up to order m-1 and convected time derivative of up to order n of the conjugate strain tensor. In addition, constitutive theory for the heat vector compatible with the constitutive theory for the deviatoric stress tensor is also presented in co-, contra-variant and Jaumann bases. It is shown that the Giesekus constitutive model is a subset of the rate constitutive theory of orders m = n = 1. It is also shown that the deviatoric Cauchy stress tensor (contra-, co-variant or Jaumann basis) naturally results as dependent variable in the constitutive theory, and that currently used Giesekus constitutive model in deviatoric polymer Cauchy stress tensor is not derivable based on axioms and principles of the constitutive theory in continuum mechanics. Numerical studies are presented for fully developed flow between parallel plates for a dense polymeric liquid using the Giesekus constitutive model derived in this paper as well as currently used model.
Education is still considered as a pillar for young generations in undergoing a millennial era. Intellectual and character are a complete package that must be had by young generations in undergoing the millennial era. So in other words, school is an institution that is given the responsibility to produce young generations who are intellectual and have character. It can be realized through providing locality-based subject or local wisdom such as Javanese language which requires special attention, so that the quality of learning increases. In order to support Governor Regulation of East Java number 19 year 2014, learning local subject of Javanese language in East Java is taught by paying attention to the pragmatic, attractive, recreational, and communicative aspects from elementary to high school levels. As for the training targets are elementary school teachers in Magetan with a focus on the planning, implementation, and evaluation of Javanese language learning. The training is expected that teachers will be able to apply quality Javanese language learning especially in elementary schools. Elementary school teachers were chosen because they have a strategic role in preserving and introducing Javanese philosophical values. The purpose of conducting training with elementary school teachers in Magetan district is to provide insights and knowledge about the importance of improving the quality of Javanese language learning, which has so far been overlooked. Javanese language learning in order to build student character is mediated with fairy tale material, tembang dolanan (kid's song), the use of a variety language, and others. This paper is an agreement on community service that we will carry out.
A directive speech acts covers an expression of requests, which is mostly used by people in communication. This study aims to reveal speech acts of requests conveyed by people in Tanjung Village, Trenggalek, Indonesia. This study used ethnography research design with an approach of Levinson's theory. Data were collected through a listening and speaking method. The obtained data were then analyzed using categorization and descriptive method, of which the significant data were presented using informal method. Results showed that there were three speech acts of requests in regard to the delivery method namely blaka langsung, blaka ora langsung, and ora blaka langsung. Another finding portrayed that there were four categories of speech acts of requests based on hearer's views namely katampa katindakake, katampa ora katindakake, katampik katindakake, and katampik ora katindakake. This study recommends the use of Javanese speech acts of requests to be taught for students to experience local values such as respecting others as a part of character education.
The COVID-19 pandemic has spread to all countries in the world. It is not only the nature of the corona virus that has extraordinary spreadability, but this viral pandemic also has an extraordinary impact on all sectors of life. The drastic decline in income, especially for the middle to lower class, was the biggest hit, starting from the loss of income, the non-return of capital, to layoffs. So many government policies have been issued as government strategies in preventing the spread, handling, and efforts to break the chain of COVID-19. Appeals have been issued by the central government to remain calm amidst these extremely difficult circumstances. The word "calm" here means not to panic excessively and to remain vigilant. The government has made efforts to prevent the spread of COVID-19, including by issuing a policy of wearing masks for people with COVID-19 and people in good health. The use of masks for the general public will of course be different from the masks used by medical personnel. Ordinary masks or handmade masks can be used to prevent the spread of the virus. This community service activity (PKM) has objectives, including: carrying out empowerment activities for people affected by COVID-19, so that it has an impact on improving income for the affected community. Unesa's PKM activities are also a form of Unesa's steps to work together with the government or partners to make efforts to prevent / prevent the spread of COVID-19.
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