Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory disease of the central nervous system, in which the myelin sheaths got injured. The prevalence of MS is on grow, as well as, it affects the young ages. Females are most common to have MS compared to males. Oxidative stress is the situation of imbalance between oxidants (free radicals and reactive oxygen species (ROS)) and antioxidants in a living system, in which either the oxidants are elevated or antioxidants are reduced, or sometimes both. ROS and oxidative stress have been implicated in the progression of many degenerative diseases, which is important in cracking the unrevealed mysteries of MS. In this review article, some of the proposed mechanisms that link oxidative stress with MS disease would be described. Keywords: Oxidative stress, ROS, multiple sclerosis, antioxidants
Ischemia "stroke" may occur in various combinations of clinical illnesses. The effects of such an Ischemic represent a serious problem. Oxidative stress has been shown to act as one of the main causes of Myocardial Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury (IR). Reperfusion injury is defined as the action of returning the flow of blood to an organ or tissue after a period of stroke or myocardial infarction (MI). R. Officinalis (Rosemary) has a diverse therapeutic against many illnesses. Further, recent evidence also gives R. Officinalis a major role in protecting diverse organs from harmful oxidative stress. So, R.Officinalis seems like a good protect to the myocardial against the IR Injury. The study included the components of essential oils of the rosemary leaves in the watery extract and determine whether rosemary protects form Ischemia-Reperfusion induced myocardial ischemia. We divided forty-five Wister rats into three groups Group 1 as the control group, Group 2 underwent surgery without extract therapy, and Group 3 with extract therapy. Wister rats in Group 2, and Group 3 underwent myocardial ischemia for 45 min followed by 90 min period of Reperfusion. Animals in group 3 received rosemary (1 mL/g) for 14 days also, before Ischemia, and before Reperfusion. We found that the extract comprises from many essential oils. The levels of cardiac markers (AST, ALT, and LDH) and Oxidative stress markers (NO, and LPO) in group 3 a significantly decreased compared to group 2. Based on the results, the R.Officinalis treatment lessens the effect of Ischemia-Reperfusion on the rat's heart, including the induce myocardial infarction.
Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is the most recorded endocrinological condition that impacts women throughout their fertile years and causes a variety of clinical symptoms. The study included 60 women with PCOS and 60 women who were matched for age and body mass index (BMI) and excluded the participants refrain from vigorous exercise and drink anything with alcohol or caffeine. were tested levels for IR, insulin, Hepcidin, Adiponectin, lipids profile in control and PCOS. and found Reduced levels (non sig.) of adiponectin have been documented in Iraqi patients with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. There was an inverse relationship between IR and hepcidin levels in both groups meaning increase in IR (0.001) and decrease in hepcidin (0.001) levels may increase the risk of PCOS. well found that lipid profile (HDL, LDL, TG) that is non-significant but cholesterol high significant 0.001 in patients.
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