A novel quaternary amine methacrylate monomer (QAMA) was synthesized by amination of dimethacrylate with piperazine followed by its quaternization using an alkyl iodide. Copolymerization of QAMA with 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate was carried out by free radical bulk polymerization technique at room temperature using ammonium persulfate and N,N,NЈ,NЈ-tetramethyl ethylenediamine as a redox initiator. The monomer as well as copolymers was characterized by FTIR and 1 H NMR spectral studies. Thermal and physical characteristics of copolymers of varying compositions of QAMA were evaluated by thermogravimetric analysis, differential calorimetry, contact angle and scanning electron microscopy. The antibacterial activity of the synthesized quaternary amine dimethacrylate copolymers against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus was studied by zone of inhibition and colony count method. QAMA copolymers showed broad-spectrum contact killing antibacterial properties without releasing any active agent as checked by iodide-selective ion meter.
An iodinated quaternary amine dimethacrylate monomer was synthesized and incorporated as a comonomer in acrylic bone cements. Bone cement is used in orthopaedic surgery and imparting antibacterial properties to the cement can be beneficial in the lowering of bacterial infection post surgery. PMMA based bone cements were modified by copolymerising the monomer methylmethacrylate (MMA) with a quaternary amine dimethacrylate by using the redox initiator activator system as used for curing commercial bone cements. The cements were prepared using the commercial PMMA bone cement CMW and the liquid component was modified with the amine to render antimicrobial properties to the cement. The physical, mechanical, and antimicrobial properties of the modified cements were evaluated; in addition, the viability of the cement to function as a orthopaedic cement was also established, especially with an advantage of it being radiopaque, due to the inclusion of the iodine containing quaternary amine. The cytotoxicity of the modified cements were tested using a human cell model and the results indicated that the cells remained metabolically active and proliferated when placed in direct contact with the experimental cement specimens. The cements and their eluants did not evoke any cytotoxic response.
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