Keeping aside the economic consequences, the imposition of strict lockdown in order to break the chain of deadly infection of SARS-CoV-2, has potentially improved the global environmental quality by facilitating a significant reduction in atmospheric pollution. In the present study, the level of atmospheric pollutants in India viz., NO2, AOD, and PM2.5 before and during lockdown 2020 were assessed and compared using standard methods. The study revealed a significant reduction in NO2 i.e., >10% change in 73.71% parts in India along with a high negative anomaly of AOD (<-1.0 in 32.92% parts in India) primarily in the Indo-Gangetic Plains, western, southern, and eastern parts during the lockdown. The five megacities observed a sharp decline in the daily mean concentration of PM2.5 (ca. 32% (Delhi) to 59.62% (Bengaluru) during the lockdown 2020 as compared to the analogous period of lockdown in 2019. The study exhibited the very less contribution of seasonal and meteorological variables in the abatement of pollution during the lockdown period. The findings may be useful in guiding future strategies to maintain environmental quality by adopting a well-planned lockdown strategy.
OSMF (Oral submucous fibrosis) is seen in the oral cavity and depicts a precancerous condition marked by progressive submucosal tissue fibrosis with inflammatory components leading to trismus and rigidity in the oral cavity. OSMF remains a quandary for oral clinicians owing to less-defined classification criteria and evasive pathogenesis. The present clinical study was conducted to assess the practice, attitude, and knowledge of dental practitioners towards oral submucous fibrosis and its management. The present questionnaire-based clinical study included 520 participants who were assessed using the self-administered questionnaire given and explained to them. The questions in the questionnaire were formulated to assess the practice, attitude, and knowledge of dental practitioners towards oral submucous fibrosis. The collected data were assessed and the results were formed. The study results showed that among all the study participants, the majority of the participants were aware of betel quid being the most common etiology associated with OSMF and the commonly seen oral feature in OSMF subjects is blanching of the oral mucosa. Within its limitations, the present study concludes that oral health care practitioners have good knowledge concerning clinical features and diagnosis of OSMF. However, the knowledge among dental students about the OSMF management strategies was moderate.
The power decadence in conventional CMOS (Complementary Metal oxide Semiconductor) circuit can be diminished by utilizing adiabatic method. Working of Adiabatic logic depends on switching activities, which diminishes the power by giving energy dissipated as heat back to supply. Adiabatic word has come from thermodynamic framework which says that no heat transfer take place from framework to climate as well as the other way around. Adiabatic logic is well known as energy recovery logic because its main objective is to reuse energy. It reuses the energy back to the power supply along the lines diminishing the power dissipation. Adiabatic procedures depend on adiabatic logic guideline. Anu Priya has propose the technique in 2014 [3], of adiabatic procedure where energy dissipation in PMOS organization can be limited and some of energy dissipated at load capacitance can be reused rather than dispersed as heat. Yet, the adiabatic method is exceptionally reliant upon parameter variation. Expecting completely adiabatic activity from a circuit is practically not possible as it is an ideal condition, also adiabatic technology is highly dependent on parameter variations so it’s quite difficult to achieve and ideal adiabatic circuit. It could be just accomplished with extremely sluggish exchanging speed. In examination, three logic families, ECRL (Efficient Charge Recovery Logic), PFAL (Positive Feedback Adiabatic Logic) and CPAL (Complementary Pass Transistor Adiabatic Logic) are contrasted and conventional CMOS logic for inverter circuit. MICROWIND technology is used while investigating different adiabatic circuits; energy utilization is broke down by variety of parameter. Result shows that adiabatic strategy is better decision in case of underpowered application in explicit frequency range.
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