This study aims to assess and analyse the sorts of speech functions used by teachers in the tenth grade at one vocational high school in Jambi, Indonesia, and to identify the most prevalent kind. The study was carried out using descriptive qualitative research and descriptive analysis design. In this study, data were triangulated through observation and documentation. The study's targets were English teachers, and the transcribed data was divided into three categories of language functions. Holmes' concept is applied to classify speech functions. There are three types of utterance functions: expressive, imperative, and referential. The results showed that out of 60 speech functions, the directive function was applied by instructors the most frequently, accounting for 31 of them (51.66%). Directive one is the main reason, as it delivers interaction by directing and requesting the student. The study recommends that there are still many types of speech functions, but alternatively, directives are more prominent. Other researchers can gather data from many sources, including Instagram's English-language account, an English newspaper or magazine, and many more. The current study encourages English as a Foreign Language (EFL) teachers to complete a task and determine an assignment for future research. Given the implications of directive functions for English teachers in teaching speaking skills and the ability to inquire about something and command and request learners to perform something.

This study aims to find out how these students teachers define the concept of'professional teacher' before PPL, what are their expectations before attending the PPL, whatobstacles they encounter during the PPL, and what lessons they get during the PPL program.This qualitative study involved ten students of English Language Education as participants.They were selected through purposeful random sampling technique. Data were collectedthrough semi-structured interviews, a focused group discussion, and document analysis. Thecollected data is analyzed inductively with the help of the NVivo application. The results of thestudy showed that participants had an initial concept of professional English teachers beforethey embarked on their PPL program. Their concepts are in line with the professional teacherframework as stated in Law No. 14/2005 concerning teachers and lecturers. At the same time,all participants had high expectations for the PPL program in relation to their desire to becomeprofessional teachers. Participants also reported some of the obstacles or challenges they faced during the PPL, such as the difficulty of undergoing the teaching process and feeling too muchburden from non-teaching activities during PPL. However, at the end of the PPL, all of themclaimed to be quite satisfied with the process they had gone through. They claim to have learneda lot from PPL, among them, they have increasingly understood the complexity of the tasks andresponsibilities of a teacher.

This study aims to develop an interactive e-module for English Structure course to support digital learning in the English Study Program, Universitas Riau, Indonesia. The research used a Research and Development (R&D) approach and applied the ADDIE model consisting of five stages; analyse, design, development, implement and evaluate. The products developed were animated videos and interactive quizzes integrated into an electronic module using the Flipbook maker application. The e-module consists of three chapters with several sections in each chapter: video based explanation, text based description, example, interactive quizzes, and chapter summary. The results of the validations of media expert and material expert of the animated videos are 3.55 (very valid) while the interactive quizzes got an average score of 3.85 (very valid). Then, for the validations of the e-module, it go an average score of 3.96 (very valid) and 3.23 (valid) from the material expert and the media expert, respectively. On the whole, the average score of the validations is 3.60 (very valid). The e-module has been implemented to a group of students (n=20). The students’ responses show that the e-module has a very good category (3.75 for the attractiveness aspect and 3.61 for the convenience aspect). Therefore, it can be concluded that the e-module has a very good quality, both in terms of its materials and media, and is eligible to be utilized as a digital learning resource for Pre-Intermediate Structure course in the English department of Universitas Riau, Indonesia.

This research aimed to develop an English learning medium using Edpuzzle to understand language expressions in listening and speaking classes. A Research and Development (RD) design was employed in this study, using the ADDIE (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation) as the development model. Data were collected through an online questionnaire consisting of a set of written statements for respondents to answer. Descriptive analysis was utilized as the technique for data analysis, dealing with quantitative data. Four Edpuzzle-based videos, featuring explanations and quizzes, were developed and validated by media and language experts. The validation results revealed that the video 'Invitation' achieved an average score of 4.25 (valid), the video 'Apologizing, Expressing Anger and Resolving Conflict' scored an average of 4.30 (valid), the video 'Giving Compliments and Replying to Compliments' received an average score of 3.81 (quite valid), and the 'Expressing Opinions' video garnered an average score of 3.91 (quite valid). Overall, the average score was 4.10, categorized as valid. Therefore, the Edpuzzle-based video, as a developed English learning medium, was deemed suitable and appropriate for application in listening and speaking classes in Indonesia.