This study was conducted to investigate the histological characteristic, type, and distribution of connective tissue in Sunda porcupine skin. The investigation was carried out in three adult of sunda porcupines at microscopic level using hematoxylin eosin, Masson thrichrome, Verhoeffs van Gieson, alcian blue pH 2.5 and periodic acid Schiff staining methods. Skin consists of epidermis, dermis hypodermis, and subcutaneous muscle. Quill follicles were the main and dominant structure as well as the specific characteristic on Sunda porcupine skin. The connective tissue was distributed well in basal membrane, dermis, quill follicle, and hypodermis with various intensity and density. The collagen was the main fiber found in the skin while the elastin fiber was not observed. The acid carbohydrate was found distributed well in the skin while the neutral carbohydrate was not detected in this study. In addition the fibers of connective tissue associated with the adipose tissue which found plentifully in quill follicles and hypodermis. The present results showed that the wide distribution of connective tissue might have an important role on the wound healing physiology of Sunda porcupine skin.
Haematological profile is important to determine the physiological condition of an individual, and morphology of red blood cells can also be helpful in making a diagnosis of a disease. The size of red blood cells affects the ability of red blood cells to carry oxygen. In some clinical events shape and size of red blood cells will be changed. Bats are the only mammals that have the ability to fly. The ability of bats to fly would require bats to be able to bind more oxygen, therefor bat should have enough of energy while flying. The present study was conducted on 12 Cynopterus tithaecheilus (7 males and 5 females) to study about haematological profile. Blood samples were taken using tuberculin needle and analyzed by hematology analyzer for hematological value. Size of red blood cells was taken using bloods smear and analyzed by imageJ software. Cynopterus tithaecheilus show the higher number of red blood cells, but the size were smaller compared to the other mammals which has same body size. Mean while the concentration of hemoglobin and hematocrit were higher. The present result suggested that these haematological values might provide a greater transport oxygen capacity in the Cynopterus tithaecheilus.
Sunda porcupine (Hystrix javanica) is one among the wild mammals of Indonesia. The porcupine skin shows peculiar appearance by the presence of quills, spine like structure, instead of hair, that commonly found in mammals. On the other hand, our previous preeliminary study observed a relatively quick process in wound healing with no scar in the skin of sunda porcupine. In the present study, we noted that quill follicles appeared as dominant structure in the skin. The quill follicles were larger and showed complex structure when compared to that of the hair follicles. The quill follicles in the porcupine were consisted of high density of connective tissue and rich in fibroblast, a lot of keratinocytes lined the canal and around the follicles; a plenty amount of adipose / fat tissue, a well-developed arrestor muscles and sebaceous glands. One of the physiologic events present in the skin is wound healing process. Wound healing is a complex process in which many substances in the skin, such as blood vessel, connective tissue, leukocyte, cytokines and chemokines are involved. The hair follicles which are the main appendages of the mammalian skin has important roles in wound healing process, in some ways, such as source of the keratinocytes and fibroblast in closuring and repairing wound site; the hair cycle has implication to skin immune system; and modulation of the extracellular matrix around the hair follicles through cell-cell and cell-matrix interaction. The physiologic process in the skin that related to hair follicles should be also existed in quill follicles with considerably implication due to the size and complexity of the quill follicle structure. We suggest that scarless wound healing process in the porcupine skin might be closely related with the structure and function of the quill follicles
Ion logam chrom VI termasuk limbah logam berat yang perlu dilakukan pengolahan lebih lanjut dengan menggunakan adsorben. Zeolit adalah adsorben yang cocok untuk menyerap ion logam chrom VI karena zeolit merupakan mineral alam yang mempunyai luas permukaan aktif per satuan massa yang besar dan daya afinitas yang cukup kuat. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah menentukan model yang cocok untuk kesetimbangan adsorpsi ion logam chrom VI oleh zeolit beserta nilai parameternya, dan mengetahui daya serap zeolit optimal terhadap ion logam chrom VI. Penelitian ini mengunakan metode penerapan model kesetimbangan adsorpsi isoterm yang meliputi 5 persamaan yaitu Adsorpsi Linier (Henry's Law), Adsorpsi Isoterm Freundlich, Adsorpsi Isoterm Langmuir, Isoterm Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET), Persamaan Sigmoidal Chapman. Dari kelima model ini dilakukan fitting data untuk mencari model yang lebih mendekati data. Pencocokan data dilakukan dengan minimasi yang dilakukan oleh program Matlab. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa model yang cocok yaitu model Adsorpsi Isoterm BET dengan nilai parameter yaitu nilai konstanta adsorpsi isoterm BET (C BET ) sebesar 0,5183 l/mg, kapasitas maksimal adsorben saat setimbang secara teoritis (qs) adalah 149,9977 mg/g dan konsentrasi adsorbat jenuh pada lapisan monolayer (Cs) adalah 184,1691 mg/l.
The objective of this study is to observe the relationship of development of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) cells of adenohypophysis–adrenal cortex axis during pre and postnatal period of longtailed monkey (Macaca fascicularis). Five fetuses aged 70, 85, 100, 120, and 150 days of gestation and 2new born aged 10 and 105 days old were used as research materials. The sections of the pituitary gland stained immunohistochemically using human ACTH antiserum and the adrenal glands stained by Hematoxylin-Eosin procedures. At the fetus 120 days old, the ACTH cells and blood vessel of fetaladenohypophysis developed well and its similar that found in older age. This condition suggested distributing the ACTH to whole body optimally. At the same time, the adrenal cortex cells of fetus 120 days old were active in proliferation and differentiation processes to form transition zone that lies between definitive and fetal zones, and central vein also developed in adrenal gland. In fetus aged 150 days, the cortex adrenal structure was similar with found in older fetus. The adenohypophysis ACTH cells developed earlier than adrenal cortex and their secretion suggested influencing the development of adrenal cortex cells of long-tailed monkey.
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