Background Many data suggest that the sucrose non-fermenting 1-related kinases 2 (SnRK2s) are very important to abiotic stress for plants. In rice, these kinases are known as osmotic stress/ABA–activated protein kinases (SAPKs). Osmotic stress/ABA–activated protein kinase 3 (OsSAPK3) is a member of SnRK2II in rice, but its function is still unclear. Results The expression of OsSAPK3 was up regulated by drought, NaCl, PEG and ABA. OsSAPK3 mutated seedings (sapk3-1 and sapk3-2) showed reduced hypersensitivity to exogenous ABA. In addition, under drought conditions, sapk3-1 and sapk3-2 showed more intolerance to drought, including decreased survival rate, increased water loss rate, increased stomatal conductance and significantly decreased expression levels of SLAC1 and SLAC7. Physiological and metabolic analyses showed that OsSAPK3 might play an important role in drought stress signaling pathway by affecting osmotic adjustment and osmolytes, ROS detoxification and expression of ABA dependent and independent dehydration-responsive genes. All gronomic traits analyses demonstrated that OsSAPK3 could improve rice yield by affecting the regulation of tiller numbers and grain size. Conclusion OsSAPK3 plays an important role in both ABA-dependent and ABA-independent drought stress responses. More interestingly, OsSAPK3 could improve rice yield by indirectly regulating tiller number and grain size. These findings provide new insight for the development of drought-resistant rice.
Background: The sucrose non-fermenting 1-related kinases 2 (SnRK2s) are crucial for abiotic stress responses in rice. Therefore, it is necessary to clarify the special function of SnRK2s. As one of SnRK2II members in rice, the function of Osmotic stress/ABA–activated protein kinase 3 (OsSAPK3) is unclear. Results: OsSAPK3 was induced by drought, NaCl, PEG and ABA. OsSAPK3 knockout seedings (sapk3-1and sapk3-2) decreased the hypersensitivity to exogenous ABA. In addition, sapk3-1and sapk3-2 showed decreased stress tolerance, including lower survival rates, higher water loss rate under drought stress, increased stomatal conductance and remarkably decreased expression of SLAC1 and SLAC7.Physiological and metabolic analyses showed that OsSAPK3 might play an important role in abiotic stress signaling pathway by influencing accumulation of compatible osmolytes, reactive oxygen species (ROS) detoxification and expression of dehydration-responsive genes. Agronomic traits analyses demonstrated that OsSAPK3 could improve rice yield by participating in the regulation of tiller numbers and grain size. The experimental of tiller bud development suggested that OsSAPK3 might regulate rice tiller numbers by affecting the growth of axillary buds via promoting expression of nitrate transporter genes. Conclusion: OsSAPK3 may play an important role in both ABA-dependent and ABA-independent abiotic stresss signaling pathways. In addition, OsSAPK3could improve rice yield by participating in the regulation of tiller numbers and grain size. These findings provide new insight for functional analysis of SnRK2s and engineering of drought resistant rice.
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