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Introduction and Aim: We aimed to evaluate the one-year mortality rates and the effect of comorbid diseases on mortality in patients with trauma and isolated rib fractures. Materials and Methods: Ninety patients who had trauma, isolated rib fracture between January 2016 and December 2016 and could be reached after one year after the trauma were included in the study. The files of the patients were scanned retrospectively. Age, gender, and length of hospital stay were recorded. After one-year follow-up, they were contacted by phone to evaluate the rates of additional disease and mortality. Results: 27 of the patients were female (30%), 63 of them were male (70%). Regarding the causes of injury, there were falls in 42 patients at most and in-vehicle traffic accidents in 35 patients. The mean age was 56.85 ± 16.33, the mean hospital stay was 4.04 ± 4.55 days. The most common comorbidities were diabetes mellitus in 13 patients and hypertension in 11 patients. The least detected additional diseases are; Ulcerative colitis, epilepsy, arrhythmia, gastroesophageal reflux, gastrointestinal bleeding, rheumatism, Alzheimer and Familial Mediterranean Fever in 1 patient each. One patient died who had gastrointestinal bleeding. Mortality rate was 1.11%. Conclusions: Post-traumatic rib fractures disrupt people's quality of life and cause morbidity and mortality. Although the risk of comorbid mortality increases, close follow-up is important in preventing or reducing mortality rates.

Aim: The most common sites of distant metastasis in lung cancers are bones. In our study, we aimed to investigate the incidence of bone metastasis in lung cancers, and the effects of single and multiple bone metastases on survival. We conducted such a study to contribute to the literature due to the small number of studies on this subject. Methods: Lung cancer patients diagnosed with bone metastases in our hospital between January 2012-December 2018 were identified. A total of 103 (60.59%) patients with single bone metastasis, and 67 (39.41%) patients with multiple bone metastases were included in the study. Patients' demographic characteristics, symptoms, radiological findings, diagnostic methods, histological subtypes, survival, biochemistry values, tumor markers were analyzed retrospectively according to single and multiple bone metastases. A cohort study was conducted, and the results were presented as mean and standard deviation for continuous variables, and percentage for categorical variables. Results: Among the 170 patients included in the study, 147 (86.5%) were male, and 23 (13.5%) were female. The overall mean age of the patients was 64.32 (9.965) years. The most common symptom was dyspnea, reported by 58 (34.1%) patients. Bronchoscopic biopsy was most used for diagnosis, in 116 (68.2%) patients. Among patients with adenocarcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and small cell lung carcinoma, the number of those with single and multiple bone metastases were 44 (55%) and 36 (45%), 37 (75.5%) and 12 (24.5%), and 22 (53.7%) and 19 (46.3%), respectively. Vertebrae were the most common site of metastasis in single bone metastases. The mean survival times of adenocarcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and small cell lung carcinoma patients with single and multiple bone metastases were 14.93 (11.8) and 13.03 (9.32), 15.55 (9.41) and 9.42 (5.744), and 10.55 (8.32) and 8.79 (4.171) months, respectively. Conclusion: No significant differences were detected in terms of survival between adenocarcinoma and small cell lung cancer patients with single and multiple bone metastases. However, multiple bone metastases were observed to significantly decrease survival in squamous cell carcinoma.

Chylothorax is a rare clinical condition caused by the accumulation of lymphatic fluid in the pleural space.Chylothorax often results in thoracic trauma and malignant obstruction. More rare causes are tuberculosis, infanjiomiyomatosis, venous thrombosis, congenital lymphatic malformation, nephrotic syndrome, hypothyroidism, cirrhosis, chemotherapeutic drugs, sarcoidosis and idiopathic chylothorax. A 77-year-old female patient with a one year history of colon cancer and post-op chemotherapy was referred to us with the suspicion of metastasis upon detection of lymphadenomas and pleural effusion during a thoracic CT in follow-up. Thoracentesis was performed for the pleural effusion of the patient and chylous fluid was aspirated. The diagnosis of chylothorax was confirmed by pleural fluid biochemical analysis. Results were consistent with tuberculosis from the biopsy performed on synchronous lymph nodes. Due to multiple causes in the etiology of chylothorax, we presented our case.

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ÖZET AmaçSpontan pnömotoraks akciğer ile göğüs duvarı arasında serbest hava toplanmasıdır. Tanısı klinik ve/veya radyolojik olarak konur. Tedavi yaklaşımları açısından farklı uygulamalar mevcuttur. Bu ça-lışmada, pnömotoraks ve tedavi seçenekleri üzerindeki klinik tecrü-belerimizi literatür bilgileri eşliğinde tartıştık. Gereç ve YöntemKliniğimize başvuran 48 spontan pnömotoraks olgusu prospektif olarak değerlendirildi. Çalışmamıza primer spontan pnömotoraks olguları dahil edildi. Olgular yaş, cinsiyet, ek hastalıklar, semptomlar, cerrahi yöntemler ve takip açısından değerlendirildi. BulgularYirmi olgu (%41.7) total pnömotoraks, 28 olgu (%58.3) parsiyel pnö-motoraks idi. Otuz bir (%64.6) olgu ilk pnömotoraks iken 17 (%35.4) olgu nüks pnömotoraks idi; 26 (%54.2) sol, 22 (%45.8) sağ pnömo-toraks mevcuttu. Spontan pnömotoraks tedavi yöntemleri arasında farklı uygulamalar mevcuttur. Olguların 38'i yalnızca tüp torakostomi, 5'i plöredez ve 6'sı bül ligasyonu ile tedavi edildi. SonuçSpontan pnömotoraks tedavisindeki amaç nüksü önlemek olmalı-dır. Tüp torakostomiye ilave olarak plöredez ve gerekli durumlarda cerrahi tedavi gündeme gelir. Hastanede kalış süresini kısalt-mak, hastanın konforunu arttırıcı yaklaşımları tercih etmek önemli-dir. Nüks pnömotoraks tedavisinde tüp torakostomiye ek olarak bir plöredez veya plörektomi prosedürü mutlaka uygulanmalıdır.Anahtar sözcükler: Bül ligasyonu; plöredez; spontan pnömotoraks. SUMMARY Objectives Spontaneous pneumothorax is defined as the collection of free air between the lung and chest wall, and is diagnosed clinically and radiologically. Treatment approaches to this condition are variable. In our study, we discussed our experience on pneumothorax and its treatment options in light of relevant literature. Methods patients with spontaneous