Indoor radon and thoron concentration plays a vital role in the total effective dose in the indoor environments. In the present study, the measurement of indoor radon, soil gas radon concentration and the drinking water radon concentration was carried out in Rajpur area of Dehradun valley located near by the geological fault line named Main Boundary Thrust (MBT). The measurement was carried out using RAD-7, a solid state detector with its special accessory. The indoor radon concentration varies from 35 to 150 Bqm À3 with an average value of 85 Bqm À3. The soil-gas radon concentration varies from 2 to 12.3 kBqm À3 with an average value of 6.5 kBqm À3. Radon concentration in water samples varies from 1.7 to 57.7 kBqm À3 with an average value of 20 kBqm À3. These results are helpful for estimation of annual effective dose, ingestion dose and inhalation doses. The annual effective dose varies from 0.88 to 3.78 mSvy À1 with an average value of 2.13 mSvy À1. The annual ingestion dose due to drinking water was found to vary from 0.36 to 7.91 mSvy À1 with an average value of 3.92 mSvy À1. The annual inhalation dose was found to vary from 0.0042 to 0.1454 mSvy À1 with an average of 0.0504 mSvy À1 .
In the present study, the measurements of indoor radon, thoron and their progeny concentrations have been carried out in the Rajpur region of Uttarakhand, Himalaya, India by using LR-115 solid-state nuclear track detector-based time-integrated techniques. The gas concentrations have been measured by single-entry pin-hole dosemeter technique, while for the progeny concentrations, deposition-based Direct Thoron and Radon Progeny Sensor technique has been used. The radiation doses due to the inhalation of radon, thoron and progeny have also been determined by using obtained concentrations of radon, thoron and their progeny in the study area. The average radon concentration varies from 75 to 123 Bq m with an overall average of 89 Bq m The average thoron concentration varies from 29 to 55 Bq m with an overall average of 38 Bq m The total annual effective dose received due to radon, thoron and their progeny varies from 2.4 to 4.1 mSv y with an average of 2.9 mSv y While the average equilibrium factor for radon and its progeny was found to be 0.39, for thoron and its progeny, it was 0.06.
In this paper, the result of systematic measurement of the soil gas radon concentrations is discussed and the background values are defined along and around the Main Central Thrust (MCT) in Ukhimath region of Garhwal Himalaya, India. The Ukhimath region is being subjected to intense neotectonic activities like earthquake and landslide. For the systematic study, the measurement has been done in grid pattern form along and across the MCT. The soil gas radon concentrations were measured using RAD7 with appropriate accessories and followed proper protocol proposed by the manufacturer. The soil gas concentration was measured at different depths 10, 30 and 50 cm with a wide range of different points from the MCT. At 10 cm depth, the soil gas radon concentration was found to vary from 125 to 800 Bq m with an average of 433 Bq m; at 30 cm, it was found to vary from 203 to 32 500 Bq m with an average of 2387 Bq m; and at 50 cm, it was found to vary from 1330 to 46 000 Bq m with an average of 15 357 Bq m The data analysis clearly reveals anomalous values along the fault.
In the present study, the radon flux rate of the soil is measured using portable radon monitor (scintillation radon monitor) in the Budhakedar region of District Tehri, India. The study area falls along a fault zone named Main Central Thrust, which is relatively rich in radium-bearing minerals. Radon flux rate from the soil is one of the most important factors for the evaluation of environmental radon levels. The earlier studies in the Budhakedar region shows a high level of radon (>4000 Bq m). Hence, it is important to measure the radon flux rate. The aim of the present study is to calculate the average estimate of the surface radon flux rate as well as the effective mass exhalation rate. A positive correlation of 0.54 was found between radon flux rate and radon mass exhalation rate.
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