INTRODUCTIONThe pH determines the presence of acidemia or alkalemia. If the body has compensated for the disorder, the pH may be in the normal range. Human blood normally has a pH of 7. 35-7.45 (H+ = 35-45 nmol/L), so is slightly alkaline. If blood pH is below the range of <7.35, there is acidemia. If it is above the normal range of >7.45, there is an alkalemia. 1 Acidemia leads to hyperkalemia, delayed emergence of anesthesia, dyspnea, respiratory muscles fatigue, hypotension, bradycardia, and hypovolemia. On the other hand, alkalemia results into hypokalemia, postoperative muscle relaxation, restlessness, low cerebral blood flow, low coronary perfusion pressure, and the increase of airway resistance. 2,3 METHODSThe present study is a prospective observational study conducted on the patients admitted in Surgical ICU over a period of eighteen months (ABSTRACT Background: The pH determines the presence of acidemia or alkalemia. If the body has compensated for the disorder, the pH may be in the normal range. Human blood normally has a pH of 7.35-7.45 (H+ = 35-45 nmol/L), so is slightly alkaline. If blood pH is below the range of <7.35, there is acidemia. If it is above the normal range of >7.45, there is an alkalemia. The objective of this study was to investigate association of mortality with the acid-base disorders in surgical ICU patients. Methods: The study was a prospective, observational study, conducted on the 167 patients admitted in Surgical ICU over a period of eighteen months (January 2014 to June 2015) in Department of Surgery, Mathura Das Mathur Hospital attached to Dr. S. N. Medical College, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India. pH values were noted at different times. Acidemia and alkalemia were compared in survivors and non survivors. Results: At admission, acidemia was seen in 26.3% patients and alkalemia in 15% patients. During ICU stay, the prevalence of acidosis and alkalosis increased. In non survivors, before death, acidemia was present in 41.9% and alkalemia in 26.9% patients. Conclusions: Focusing on pH, in surgical ICU, mortality was shown to be had a U-shaped relationship with pH. Both acidemia and alkalemia are independently associated with high mortality in surgical ICU patients. Mortality is not affected by type (respiratory or metabolic) of acid base disorders. Further studies are needed to find if this association is causal or merely a reflection of differences in severity of illness.
Objectives: (1) The objective of the study was to evaluate and compare the levels of ferritin, iron, total iron binding capacity (TIBC), and hemoglobin (Hb) in cases and controls (2) and to correlate these parameters with the severity of psoriasis. Methods: Iron-profile including serum ferritin, iron, TIBC, and Hb was evaluated in 100 subjects, 50 cases (psoriatic) and 50 controls (normal healthy individuals). A preformed pro forma was filled for each patient after taking written consent. Ferritin was evaluated using fully automated chemistry analyzer, iron, and TIBC were evaluated by semi-autoanalyzer and Hb by Automated Hematology Cell Counter. Results: In our study, a lower level of serum ferritin, iron, and Hb was found in cases than controls, whereas the levels of TIBC were found higher in cases than controls. (p<0.05) We found a negative correlation of ferritin and a positive correlation of hemoglobin with psoriasis area and severity index. Conclusion: We conclude that iron profile should be done early in the course of disease to improve dietary advices and treatment modalities.
Background: Lockdown was used as a tool to control COVID-19 but it has resulted in the disruption of routine immunization services both in India and globally. Present study aimed to estimate the effect of COVID-19 lockdown periods during years 2020 and 2021 on routine immunization at tertiary-care hospital in Jaipur, Rajasthan, India. Methods: A retrospective record-based observational study was conducted at paediatric tertiary-care hospital, Jaipur. Data were collected from the immunization records of the centre for the vaccines administered to children (0-16 years) under the universal immunization programme (UIP) from January 2019 to December 2021. Doses administered were assessed as a proxy measure of vaccine coverage. The vaccination trends were compared with base year 2019. unpaired ‘t’ test of significance and percent change were used for statistical analysis. Results: The effect of lockdown was maximum in the second quarter of both years 2020 and 2021 with the declination of the total vaccine doses administered by -49.9% and -36.2% respectively. The first lockdown period in year 2020 recorded maximum negative difference in dose of Td (10 years) (-98.4%) followed by DPT booster-2 (-83.6%). The second lockdown in year 2021 recorded maximum negative difference in dose of Td (16 years) (-62.5%) followed by Td-10 years (-58.1%) and DPT booster-2 (-56.5%). Conclusions: This study concludes that the least vaccine doses were administered in second quarter of both years which coincides with lockdown period. Hence during emergencies like lockdown other alternative arrangement for continuance of routine immunization may be implemented.
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