Introduction:Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a significant health problem and imposes great physical, financial and psychological burden among the affected population. Among people with diabetes, fatigue is a pervasive and distressing complaint, which is further accentuated by presence of depression.Objective:To assess the prevalence of fatigue and depression and associated clinical and socio demographic correlates in type 2diabetes.Materials and Methods:This cross sectional study included 100 patients of diabetes type 2 and equal number of healthy controls between the ages of 18 to 70 years. A detailed evaluation of socio demographic and clinical parameters was made. Participants were also assessed for presence of depression and fatigue using PHQ-9 and Fatigue Severity Scale(FSS)respectively.Results:Fatigue and depression was found in 68 % and 53 % of diabetic participants. Diabetic patients were 10.37 times and 4.80 times more likely to suffer from fatigue and depression respectively. Both fatigue and depression were found to be significantly associated with duration of illness, fasting and post prandial blood glucose level, diabetic complications and Body Mass Index (BMI). Fatigue was also strongly correlated with depression in study sample.Conclusions:Fatigue and depression are reasonably correlated with type 2 diabetes. Various clinical parameters of diabetes are strongly associated with both fatigue and depression. Fatigue itself has significant correlation with depression in type 2 diabetes. Regular monitoring of biochemical parameters are paramount to predict the development of fatigue and depression in type 2 diabetes.

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Introduction:Fatigue has been cited as a common problem associated with traumatic brain injury. A positive association of fatigue has been suggested with insomnia and depression which are also considered to be significantly associated with traumatic brain injury.Aims and Objectives:The present study in post-traumatic brain injury patients is planned to assess the prevalence of fatigue, depression and insomnia, the correlation of fatigue with depression and insomnia and the risk factors associated with fatigue.Material and Methodology:Total 100 patients were recruited in the present study. Interview was focused on assessment of severity of traumatic brain injury, fatigue, insomnia and depression using Glasgow Coma Scale, Fatigue Severity Scale, Insomnia Severity Index and Patients Health Questionnaire(PHQ-9) respectively.Results:Prevalence of depression was found 84% while that of fatigue and insomnia was 50% and 49% respectively. All patients with fatigue had depression whereas those patients without fatigue were also found to have depression (68%) and this correlation was found statistically significant. Similarly, insomnia was reported in 70% of patients who were fatigued against 28% of patients with no fatigue. This was also found statistically significant (P <0.0002).Conclusion:Fatigue in common in post TBI patients. Insomnia and depression are closely associated with fatigue. Clinical and research investigations of fatigue in post-traumatic brain injury should include concomitant screening for treatable depressive symptoms and sleep disorders.

Background: There is a significant increase in number of patients with type II diabetes, Quality of Life (QOL) has become a major concern. Insomnia associated with diabetes may also influence QOL in these patients. Aim: This cross sectional comparative study aims to assess QOL and its determinants inpatients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM). It also explored the prevalence and association of insomnia with QOL in T2DM patients. Materials and Methods: The sample size comprised of 50 patients with T2DM and equal number of healthy control. Socio demographic and disease characteristics were recorded on a specially designed Performa. QOL and insomnia were assessed on WHOQOL-BREEF and ISI, respectively. Results: The mean age of participants was 48.25 ± 19.05 years and the mean duration of illness was 5.64± 2.35 years. QOL was significantly impaired in all the four domains of WHOQOLBREF (p<0.05). Female genders, poor glycemic control, longer duration of disease, increased BMI were associated with poor QOL. Insomnia was more common in diabetics [Odds Ratio (95% C. I.=8.566 (3.321 to 22.094)] and had significant association with poor QOL. Conclusions: QOL in patients with T2DM is impaired. Several disease characteristics have negative influence on QOL in these patients. Frequent occurrence of insomnia may further deteriorate the QOL.It is important to understand risk factors associated with poor QOL to formulate appropriate treatment strategy.