A meta-analysis was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of client-clinician matching on the basis of race-ethnicity on overall functioning, service retention, and total number of sessions attended for African American and Caucasian American adult populations in mental health services. The analysis included 10 published and unpublished studies between 1991 and 2001. A random effects meta-analysis model showed no significant differences between client-clinician dyads matched racially-ethnically and those dyads not matched with respect to overall functioning, service retention, and total number of sessions attended. The finding was consistent for both African American and Caucasian American clients. Further implications of the findings are discussed. The authors also encourage more complete reporting of data suitable for quantitative research synthesis.The United States population is becoming increasingly diverse. According to data from the U.S. Census Bureau's (2001) 2000 Census, racial and ethnic minorities, which include African Americans, Latinos, Asian and Pacific Islanders, American Indians, and Alaskan Natives, composed almost 31% of the population (U.S. Census Bureau, 2001). Although the prevalence of mental disorders among racial and ethnic minorities in the United States has been found to be similar to that of Caucasian Americans, recent studies show disparities in mental health care for racial and ethnic minorities (Snowden, 2003). Individuals from racial and ethnic minority backgrounds have been found to have less availability of and access to services, lower likelihood of receiving needed ser-vices, greater likelihood of receiving poorer quality of care, less likelihood of seeking and staying in counseling and of receiving expected benefits from counseling (
The high prevalence of depression and PTSD indicate the continuing need for mental health intervention. While education has been found to be a protective factor for mental health in previous studies, the relationship between education and mental health appear to be more complex among Afghan women. Quality of life variables could be further investigated and incorporated into mental health interventions for Afghan women.
The Stages of Change Readiness and Treatment Eagerness Scale (SOCRATES) is an instrument used to measure the level of motivation in regards to changing drinking and other addictive behaviors. While some initial factor analysis studies on the SOCRATES described a three-factor orthogonal structure of the scale, some other studies found a two-factor correlated structure. Therefore, the primary objective of the present study was to test the validity of the Korean language version of the instrument using a Korean population. The study examined the factor structure of the Korean version of the SOCRATES with clinical samples consisting of 219 inpatients and 271 outpatients with alcohol dependency. An exploratory factor analysis with an alpha factoring method revealed a three-factor correlated structure (i.e., Taking Steps, Recognition, and Ambivalence). The factorial structure of the SOCRATES Korean version corresponded almost exactly to that of its original French version as well as the German version. Moreover, confirmatory factor analyses showed that a three-factor correlated structure provided the best fit for the data.
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