This preoperative VR tour of the operating theatre was effective in alleviating preoperative anxiety and increasing compliance during induction of anaesthesia in children undergoing elective surgery. Registration number: UMIN000025232 (http://www.umin.ac.jp/ctr).

The use of gamification in healthcare has been gaining popularity. This prospective, randomized, clinical trial was designed to evaluate whether gamification of the preoperative process—via virtual reality (VR) gaming that provides a vivid, immersive and realistic experience—could reduce preoperative anxiety in children. Seventy children scheduled for elective surgery under general anesthesia were randomly divided into either the control or gamification group. Children in the control group received conventional education regarding the preoperative process, whereas those in the gamification group played a 5 min VR game experiencing the preoperative experience. Preoperative anxiety, induction compliance checklist (ICC), and procedural behavior rating scale (PBRS) were measured. Sixty-nine children were included in the final analysis (control group = 35, gamification = 34). Preoperative anxiety (28.3 [23.3–36.7] vs. 46.7 [31.7–51.7]; p < 0.001) and intraoperative compliance measured using ICC (p = 0.038) were lower in the gamification group than in the control group. However, PBRS (p = 0.092) and parent/guardian satisfaction (p = 0.268) were comparable between the two groups. VR experience of the preoperative process could reduce preoperative anxiety and improve compliance during anesthetic induction in children undergoing elective surgery and general anesthesia.

The prophylactic use of 0.2 mg/kg of dexamethasone significantly decreases the incidence and severity of sore throat and hoarseness 1 h and 24 h after tracheal extubation of a DLT.

Summary Background and Aims An immersive virtual reality tour of the operating theater could reduce preoperative anxiety. This study was designed to determine whether a preoperative immersive virtual reality tour demonstrates a reduction in emergence delirium through reducing the preoperative anxiety in children undergoing general anesthesia. Methods Eighty‐six children were randomly allocated into either the control or virtual reality group. The control group received conventional education regarding the perioperative process. The virtual reality group watched a 4‐minute virtual reality video showing the operating theater and explaining the perioperative process. Incidence and severity of emergence delirium were the main outcomes. Secondary outcomes included preoperative anxiety using modified Yale Preoperative Anxiety Scale and postoperative behavioral disturbance. Results Eighty children completed the final analysis (control group = 39, virtual reality group = 41). The incidence (risk ratio [95% CI]: 1.1 [0.5‐2.8], P = 0.773) and severity of emergence delirium (mean difference [95% CI]: −0.2 [−2.7 to 2.2], P = 0.791) were similar in the two groups. After the intervention, children in the virtual reality group had a significantly lower modified Yale Preoperative Anxiety score than those in the control group (mean difference [95% CI]: 9.2 [0.3‐18.2], P = 0.022). No difference was observed regarding postoperative behavioral disturbance between the two groups at postoperative 1 day (mean difference [95% CI]: −0.1 [−0.3 to 0.1], P = 0.671) and 14 day (mean difference [95% CI]: −0.0 [−0.1 to 0.0], P = 0.329). Conclusion Preoperative immersive virtual reality tour of the operating theater did not reduce the incidence and severity of emergence delirium, although it was effective in alleviating preoperative anxiety in children.

IMPORTANCE Pediatric patients often encounter anxiety and distress in hospital settings, and virtual reality education, providing a vivid, immersive, and realistic experience, has been introduced to mitigate these anxiety responses.OBJECTIVE To evaluate whether virtual reality education for pediatric patients before chest radiography could reduce anxiety and distress in children and improve the radiographic process. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This prospective randomized clinical trial was conducted in a tertiary academic hospital in Seongnam, Republic of Korea. Participants (n = 112) were children aged 4 to 8 years who underwent chest radiography between

I.V. magnesium sulphate reduces rocuronium requirements and postoperative analgesic consumption in children with CP.

Monomorph and bimorph multifunctional transducers such as actuators and generators were fabricated using a piezoelectric poly (vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) films as the active layer and a highly conducting poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)∕poly (4-styrenesulfonate) [PEDOT∕PSS (DMSO for solvent)] as the electrode. In order to enhance the adhesion of the films, either the PVDF films or PEDOT∕PSS (DMSO) electrodes were modified using an ion-assisted-reaction (IAR) method. The direct (generator) and inverse piezoelectric (motor) effects as well as the pyroelectric effect in the PVDF-PEDOT∕PSS based devices were observed. The tip displacement of the 12mm by 30mm bimorph device made with the PEDOT∕PSS (DMSO) electrodes was 3.5mm at the resonance frequency with an appled potential of 40Vrms. The sinusoidal output voltage of the bimorph type generator consisting of the PVDF active layers and PEDOT∕PSS (DMSO) electrodes increased with increasing tip displacement induced by a vibrator. A maximum output voltage of 4.1V in the pyroelectric PVDF device was generated with a change in temperature.

The 90° rotation technique improves ease of insertion of the LMA ProSeal in children, and it decreases the risk of pharyngeal trauma. (ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT01076725).