BACKGROUND The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has brought fundamental changes to our problems and priorities, especially those related to the healthcare sector. India was one of the countries severely affected by the harsh consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic. AIM To understand the challenges faced by the healthcare system during a pandemic. METHODS The literature search for this review was conducted using PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. We also used Reference Citation Analysis (RCA) to search and improve the results. We focused on the published scientific articles concerned with two major vital areas: (1) The Indian healthcare system; and (2) COVID-19 pandemic effects on the Indian healthcare system. RESULTS The Indian healthcare system was suffering even before the pandemic. The pandemic has further stretched the healthcare services in India. The main obstacle in the healthcare system was to combat the rising number of communicable as well as noncommunicable diseases. Besides the pandemic measures, there was a diversion of focus of the already established healthcare services away from the chronic conditions and vaccinations. The disruption of the vaccination services may have more severe short and long-term consequences than the pandemic’s adverse effects. CONCLUSION Severely restricted resources limited the interaction of the Indian healthcare system with the COVID-19 pandemic. Re-establishment of primary healthcare services, maternal and child health services, noncommunicable diseases programs, National Tuberculosis Elimination Program, etc. are important to prevent serious long-term consequences of this pandemic.
Background: A cleft occurs when certain body parts and structures do not fuse together during fetal development. Clefts can involve the lip and/or the roof of the mouth (palate). There are varying opinions on the actual incidence of clefts. Some experts say that the highest cleft incidences are among Asians. As there are very few studies regarding the incidence of cleft lip and palate in North Karnataka, this study was conducted. Materials and Methods:The data was collected from the patients of the hospital of ESIC Medical College Kalaburagi, Karnataka, India.Result: The occurrence of cleft lip was more compared to, in combination with cleft palate and cleft palate alone. The exact cause of cleft lip and palate is not known but most experts agree that the causes of cleft lip and/or palate are multifactorial and may include a genetic predisposition, as well as environmental or nutritional factors. In this study the type of malformation, the difference in the gender of patients, the parental age during marriage and the consanguineous marriage are studied in detail. The Malformations were more on the left side compared to right side. This anomaly was observed more in male patients than female patients. Conclusion:As the parental age is one of the predisposing factor. In this study the age of parents was found less than Twenty years in most of the cases. The consanguineous marriage is also considered as one of the risk factor, this study found that most of the parents had consanguineous marriage.
CONTEXT/BACKGROUND: Congenital malformations have been known and recognized for centuries. It is a stimulating problem for research because of the high frequency of their occurrence and the influence of consanguinity on these defects is even more devastating problem. AIM AND OBJECTIVES: To determine the effect of consanguinity in occurrence of congenital defects and occurrence of more common types of congenital defects. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study was done retrospectively in Government medical college and civil hospitals between 1 st Oct. 2011 till 31 st May 2012. A total of 182 congenitally defective live births and still births admitted in above hospitals in same period were studied against total deliveries taken place. Information was collected by using questionnaires and pedegree charts were formed. Information about consanguinity, degree of consanguinity, type and subtype of anomaly etc. was obtained. Data obtained was statistically analysed and compared with previous studies. RESULTS: Incidence of congenital anomalies was 1.16%. Cardiovascular defects were the most common type of anomaly and atrial septal defect was most common subtype. Third degree / first cousins was the most common type of degree of consanguinity found amongst all. Male pre-ponderence was found amongst the anomalous births. Frequency of consanguineous marriages was found more in muslims than hindus. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS: 1. Births with congenital defects were commonly occurring among normal births and the incidence calculated was 1.79 % in the present study. 2. Cardiovascular defects were most common type of defects. 3. In the present study, it was found that third degree consanguinity cases were most common, about 56.25 % out of all 48 consanguineous cases. 4. In the present study congenital defects were found to occur more commonly in consanguineous unions than non-consanguineous unions.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.