We studied the effects of substitution of Palm kernel cake (PKC), Fishmeal and Soyabean Cake (SBC) with crude extract of Mucuna poggei on the performances of broilers. A total of forty broiler chicks of a day old each were bought and shared into four groups of ten broilers each, allowed to acclimatize for two weeks and then reared for eight weeks. Palm kernel Cake (PKC), Fishmeal and Soyabean Cake (SBC) were given to broilers in groups 1, 2 and 3 respectively with similar quantities of crude extract of Mucuna poggei fresh leaves. The fourth group served as a control and was fed normal feed (Fishmeal and Soyabean Cake). The weekly body weights of the broilers were taken for eight weeks, after which they were slaughtered for the determination of their carcass characteristics, breast meats' drip loss and cook loss. The results showed significant differences (P<0.05) in the weights of the broilers at the end of the experiment. The "control" had the highest mean body weight of 1233.33±76.38g followed by "group 2" with mean body weight of 1150.00±50.00g while "group 3" had the least mean body weight of 950±40.82g followed by "group 1" with mean body weight of 1000.00±40.82g. There was no significant variation (P<0.05) in the cooking losses among the breast meats of the four groups. However, the results showed significant variation (P<0.05) in the drip losses among the breast meats of the broilers. On the whole, the results revealed that the control which had no crude extract of Mucuna poggei fresh leaves performed better than other groups which were given the extract as feed substitute. The crude extract should therefore be given to broilers as feed supplement not as feed substitute for optimal performance.
Studies were conducted on the functional, pasting and micronutrient content of complementary weaning foods from maize (Zea mays) and African yam bean (AYB; Sphenostylis stenocarpa). The complementary foods were fortified with cattle bone meal, Brachystegia eurycoma (achi)/potash emulisified with red palm oil and Moringa oleifera, to improve the micronutrient content. Maize and AYB (malted and unmalted) were processed into flours, and the fortificants were subjected to different treatments to ascertain the treatment that has the highest micronutrient contents for use in the formulation of the weaning food. Functional properties (water absorption capacity [WAC], bulk density [BD], wettability [WB]) and dispersability [DISP]), pasting properties and micronutrient contents of the formulated blends were determined using standard methods. Ashed fermented by back‐slopping, dried and milled (AFDm) treatment for cattle bone meal, unfermented B. eurycoma/potash emulsion (PU) and fresh fermented M. oleifera treatment had the highest micronutrient contents. The Vitamin A and zinc contents of the formulated infant food were significantly higher (p ≤ 0.05) than the control (Nutrend, an infant complementary cereal food product made from maize and produced by Nestle Nigeria PLC). The WAC and BD ranged from 155 to 195 g/mL for maize–AYB fermented and enriched with fortificant PU (MAFEP) and maize–AYB fermented enriched with fortificant achi emulsion (MAFEA) and 0.86 to 1.43 g/mL for MAFEA and MAFEP, respectively. The WB values ranged from 16 to 40 s for maize–AYB malt‐fermented (MAMF) and MAFEP. There was no significant difference (p ≥ 0.05) in the dispersability. There were significant differences (p ≤ 0.05) in pasting temperature, set‐back viscosity, final viscosity, peak viscosity and breakdown viscosity except for the peak time. The fortified complementary foods prepared from maize flour and malted AYB significantly improved the functional and pasting properties of the flour blends due to their high micronutrient contents and low BD which can serve as alternative to commercial products.
The incidence and case-fatality rates (CFRs) of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, the etiological agent for Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), have been rising unabated. Even though the entire world has been implementing infection prevention and control measures, the pandemic continues to spread. It has been widely accepted that preventive vaccination strategies are the public health measures for countering this pandemic. This study critically reviews the latest scientific advancement in genomics, replication pattern, pathogenesis, and immunopathology of SARS-CoV-2 infection and how these concepts could be used in the development of vaccines. We also offer a detailed discussion on the anticipated potency, efficacy, safety, and pharmaco-economic issues that are and will be associated with candidate COVID-19 vaccines.
: Research for discovering chemical entities with antiproliferative properties to combat globally rising cancer cases has witnessed tremendous interest in recent years. Phenothiazines possess novel antiproliferative potentials and have often be described as crucial sources of scaffolds for anticancer drug discovery. Some several phenothiazine-hybrid compounds recently synthesized are effective against various cancer cell lines with improved multidrug resistance. In synthesizing these phenothiazine-derivatives, therapeutic potentials of the phenothiazines are exploited, and they are enriched by molecular hybridization with moieties known to possess great pharmacological profiles. This article critically reviews the anticancer properties of phenothiazine derivatives and focuses on the possibility of the derivation of the leads for a further spectrum of antiproliferative activities.
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