Tuberculosis is somewhat a disease of poverty that mainly targets the low-income populations of developing countries. At the same time, the disease act as a barrier for economic growth to affected people and families caring for them which in turn results into increased poverty in the community. Thesepopulation below the poverty line lacks access due to higher retail price and unavailability of the medicines. To overcome these obstacles researchers are nowadays opting to derive medicines from plant extract containing phytochemicals rather than synthesizing new chemicals which proved to be more expensive and unsafe compared to their organic counterpart. Phytochemicals are non-nutritive compounds obtained from plants. It has been reported that Mucuna pruriens plant extract is expected to cure Tuberculosis, which is caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The said microbe contains 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase enzyme which is reported to be very crucial for the survival of the organism. The molecular docking of the phytochemicals with the microbial enzyme was studied using Biovia Discovery Studio. The machine learning protocols analyze and predict the volume of the molecular interactions occurring between the plant phytochemical and the bacterial enzyme occurring at the active site of the enzyme. The strength of the interaction was evaluated based on -CDocker energy and -CDocker interaction energy. Subsequently the study displays high positive values for both the parameters indicating that out of different phytochemicals present in Mucuna pruriens, L-Dopa can effectively deactivate the enzymatic metabolic activity by interrupting β-oxidation of fatty acid in the microbial cell which causes termination of the life cycle of Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
Medicinal plants play a key role in human health care. Phytochemicals can be derived from different parts of plants. Different medicinal plants and their phytoextracts have shown anti-microbial action. Phytochemicals from Myristica fragrans plant extract are traditionally used to cure Diarrhea. Molecular docking method applied using “Biovia Discovery Studio”. “High positive values of -CDOCKER energy and -CDOCKER interaction energy” suggested that Eugenol can effectively deactivate the shikimate dehydrogenase enzyme thereby interrupting the life cycle of the organism.
This analysis aims at evaluating the effects of Neem leaves extract on Skin disease. Skin disease is caused by Microsporum sp. The phytochemicals of Neem leaves were interacted with sterol 14-alpha demethylase enzyme involved in sterol biosynthesis metabolic pathway of Microsporum sp. Sterol 14-alpha demethylase was taken as receptor and phytochemicals present in Neem leaves were considered as ligands. All the interactions were done in Biovia discovery Studio 2020 and the process is known as molecular Docking. Molecular Docking provides us an opportunity to identify the potential phytochemical or component which can act as powerful tool against the pathogen. Out of all the phytochemicals, Glutamic acid and Oleic Acid of Neem leaves inhibits or blocks the mechanism or action of sterol 14-alpha demethylase enzyme of Microsporum sp. There is high possibility that these phytochemicals can potentially inhibit others enzymes involved in various metabolic pathways of Microsporum sp.
With the ever-increasing population, the plant cover is decreasing at an alarming rate. The medicinal plants are most affected by this because they are present in the last tier of cultivation. Let it be pharmaceutical companies or people using it for herbalism, medicinal plants have been exploited without getting a chance to flourish in their natural environment. Modern biotechnology acts as a bridge between the cultivation and utilization of medicinal plants. Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) technology which is a decade old but emerging field helps to unveil the importance of medicinal plants. Thus, it paves the way for sustenance of medicinal plants by molecular breeding, micropropagation, large-scale tissue culture, and other methods to conserve the plants with great medicinal value. Various NGS technologies can be found in the market like Ilumina, PacBio, Ion Torrent, and others. The present review will summarize the NGS technologies and their potential use to study the genomes, transcriptome, epigenome, and interactome of medicinal plants towards the identification of bioactive compounds.
This analysis aims at evaluating the effects of Cocoa extract on Pneumonia. Pneumonia is caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae. Caffeine, Chorogenic acid, Ferulic acid, Iso- Orientin, luteolin, Naringenin and Vanillic acid of Cocoa were interacted with ribitol-5-phosphate 2-dehydrogenase which is involved in pentose and glucorunate interconversion pathways of Streptococcus pneumoniae. The enzyme was taken as receptor and phytochemicals were considered as ligands. All the interactions were done in Biovia discovery Studio 2020 and the process is known as molecular Docking. Molecular Docking provides us an opportunity to identify the potential phytochemical or component which can act as powerful tool against the pathogen. Out of all the phytochemicals, Luteolin of Cocoa inhibits or blocks the mechanism or action of ribitol-5-phosphate 2-dehydrogenase enzyme of Streptococcus pneumoniae. There is high possibility that these phytochemicals can potentially inhibit others enzymes involved in various metabolic pathways of Streptococcus pneumoniae.
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