Setting. Contact tracing is broadly encouraged for tuberculosis (TB) control. In many high-burden countries, however, little effort is made to identify contacts of newly diagnosed TB patients. This failure puts children, many of whom live in poor crowded communities, at special risk. Objectives. To perform source-case investigations for 50 pediatric TB cases in Pune, India. Design. A descriptive cross-sectional observational study of pediatric TB cases < 5 years of age. Information was collected about the index case and household contacts. Results. In 15 (30%) of the 50 pediatric index cases, the household contained known TB contacts, 14 (86%) of whom were adults. Prior to their own diagnosis of TB, only one of the 15 pediatric index cases who met criteria for isoniazid preventive therapy received it. The index cases with known household TB contacts had a longer delay in initiating TB treatment than those without TB contacts (17.5 versus 2 days; P = 0.03). Use of contact tracing identified 14 additional household TB suspects, 8 (57%) of whom were children. Conclusions. This study identified missed opportunities for TB prevention, as contact tracing is poorly implemented in resource-limited countries, like India. Further strategies to improve the implementation of TB prevention, especially in young children, are urgently needed.

OBJECTIVE : It is well established that the combination of psychopharmacologica1 treatment and psychosocial interventions, sudz as psychotherapy, family orientation and occupational therapy (O T) , represent the best strategy for treating patients with schizophrenia. The ainz of this study is to investigate if OT is effective when added to a psychopharnzacological treatment in chronic schizophrenia. METHOD : Two groups of patients were cornpared: The experirizelltal group (Group A) received psvchopharmacologica1 treatment plus sessions of occuputional therapy (O T) and the control group (Group B) received only psychopharniacological treatment. The Scale for Interactive Observation in Occupational Therapy was employed to evaluate the ocrtcome. The duration of the study was 6 months and patients were rated at baseline and monthly totaling 7 assessments. The scale was independently applied by two occupational therapists. The data was tabulated and statistically analyzed. riod of observution, mainly from the 4th month to the end o f the S~L I C~V. CONCLUSIONS : In patients with chronic schizophrenia, the colizbination of OT unrl clozapine showed to be nzore effective tlzari the use of medications alone. Occupationul Therapy may represent an additional thertlpeutic option for patients wit11 chronic schizophrenia and must be an integral part oj'evely schizophrenia rehabilitation procqr(inlme.