The objective of this study was to determine the effects of shackling and wing flapping on stress, postmortem metabolism, AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), and quality of broiler pectoralis major. Before slaughter, a total of 80 Arbor Acres broilers was randomly categorized into 2 replicate pens (40 broilers per pen) and each pen randomly divided into 2 groups (shackling, T; control, C). Corticosterone, creatine kinase, and lactate dehydrogenase were determined on blood plasma parameters. Pectoralis major were removed after evisceration and used for determination of energy metabolism, meat quality, and AMPK phosphorylation. In this study, shackling and wing flapping increased (P < 0.05) plasma corticosterone level, creatine kinase activity, and lactate dehydrogenase activity. Shackling and wing flapping increased (P < 0.05) AMPKα(Thr172) and acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) phosphorylation, followed by rapid glycolysis and accumulation of lactic acid, and leading to a fast pH decline in the initial postmortem meat. Shackling and wing flapping have an adverse effect on final meat quality, which increased (P < 0.05) muscle lightness, drip loss, and cooking loss. The results indicate that antemortem shackling and wing flapping increased stress and AMPKα(Thr172) phosphorylation, which may accelerate glycolysis and lead to a low water-holding capacity of broiler meat.
a b s t r a c tCiprofloxacin (CIP), a common antibiotic, is widely detected in wastewater and soil. This study proposes a novel method for preparing activated carbon with corn stalks pre-treated with silage (AC-S). This study examined physical characteristics of activated carbons with N 2 adsorption/desorption, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and Boehm titration. Adsorption of CIP was enhanced by activated carbon. Laboratory experiments were conducted to investigate adsorption kinetics, equilibrium isotherms, and influence of chemical characteristics of solution (i.e., pH and ionic strength. Both kinds of activated carbon-prepared with corn stalks (AC) and AC-S featured surface areas of more than 700 m 2 /g. Although total pore volume of AC (1.178 cm 3 /g) was higher than that of AC-S (0.4681 cm 3 /g), microspore proportion of AC-S reached 60%, which was considerably higher compared with that of AC (24%). AC-S exhibited a faster increasing rate in a portion of microspore surface area than AC. FTIR and Boehm titration indicated that AC-S contained higher amounts of surface-acidic functional groups, namely, carboxyl, phenolic, and hydroxyl. Adsorption experiments agreed well with pseudo-second-order and Langmuir models. Maximum adsorption capacity of CIP on AC-S reached 407.75 mg/g, which was 26.2% higher than that of AC. Results showed that possible mechanisms for CIP adsorption on AC-S may include hydrophobic interaction, chemical adsorption, electrostatic attraction, and π-π EDA interaction.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.