Background: Dietary chemicals and their gut-metabolized products are explored for their anti-proliferative and pro-cell death effects. Dietary and metabolized chemicals are different from ruminants such as goats over humans. Methods: Loss of cell viability and induction of death due to goat urine DMSO fraction (GUDF) derived chemicals were assessed by routine in vitro assays upon MCF-7 breast cancer cells. Intracellular metabolite profiling of MCF-7 cells treated with goat urine DMSO fraction (GUDF) was performed using an in-house designed vertical tube gel electrophoresis (VTGE) assisted methodology, followed by LC-HRMS. Next, identified intracellular dietary chemicals such as ellagic acid were evaluated for their inhibitory effects against transducers of the c-Raf signaling pathway employing molecular docking and molecular dynamics (MD) simulation. Results: GUDF treatment upon MCF-7 cells displayed significant loss of cell viability and induction of cell death. A set of dietary and metabolized chemicals in the intracellular compartment of MCF-7 cells, such as ellagic acid, 2-hydroxymyristic acid, artelinic acid, 10-amino-decanoic acid, nervonic acid, 2,4-dimethyl-2-eicosenoic acid, 2,3,4'-Trihydroxy,4-Methoxybenzophenone and 9-amino-nonanoic acid were identified. Among intracellular dietary chemicals, ellagic acid displayed a strong inhibitory affinity (-8.7 kcal/mol) against c-Raf kinase. The inhibitory potential of ellagic acid was found to be significantly comparable with a known c-Raf kinase inhibitor sorafenib with overlapping inhibitory site residues (ARG450, GLU425, TRP423, VA403). Conclusion: Intracellular dietary-derived chemicals such as ellagic acid are suggested for the induction of cell death in MCF-7 cells. Ellagic acid is predicted as an inhibitor of c-Raf kinase and could be explored as an anti-cancer drug.
Roxb. ex Willd., is a perennial and dioecious (2n = 28) plant of family Cucurbitaceae. Conventional methods of propagation through seeds, stem cuttings and rhizomatous/tuberous roots are inadequate for its mass cultivation as a vegetable crop. This paper reports an improved and efficient micropropagation method for wild female using nodal explants. Shoot amplification was achieved using subculturing of in vitro raised shoots on MS medium supplemented with various concentrations of 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) alone or in combination with indole-3-acetic acid (IAA). The maximum number of shoots (45.30 ± 3.83) with an average length 6.52 ± 0.89 cm were differentiated on MS medium containing 0.5 mg L BAP, 0.1 mg L IAA and additives (50 mg L ascorbic acid, 25 mg L each of adenine sulphate, citric acid and l-arginine). The cloned shoots were rooted ex vitro. Each shoot treated with 250 mg L IBA for 5 min produced 12.3 ± 1.33 with a mean length 5.4 ± 0.73 cm. More than 85% (46 plants) of ex vitro rooted plantlets were successfully hardened in a greenhouse with normal growth characteristics. In order to evaluate the genetic stability of micropropagated plants, the two PCR-based techniques, Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and Inter Simple Sequence Repeats (ISSR) were used. The amplification patterns of the micropropagated and mother plant were monomorphic thus depicting genetic stability of the micropropagation system. This protocol could be effectively employed for the mass multiplication of wild female , a popular summer vegetable crop.
The material for the study consisted of twenty genotypes of Bhindi, which were grown in a Randomized Block Design (RBD) with three replication under six environments (three different dates of sowing in Spring-summer and Kharif). The observations were recorded on five randomly selected plants for characters viz., plant height (cm). no. of branches per plant, days to first flowering, days to first harvest, number of fruits per plant, fruit length (cm), fruit diameter (cm), fruit weight (g), fruit yield per plant(kg) and fruit yield per plot(kg). Since many of the plant economically important characters are quantitatively inherited and highly influenced by the environmental condition. Phenotypic variation results from complex of three variables viz., genetic, environmental, and genotype X environment (GXE) interaction, hence, the stability of the genotypes in the predictable and unpredictable environments is an important factor for realizing the maximum yield. Since, precise information was not available on stability of promising genotypes in Bhindi that can be relied upon. Therefore, the present investigation was done on estimation of stability parameters of the genotypes for different traits in Bhindi to find out the performance of different genotypes, nature and magnitude of variability present under different dates of sowing in different crop seasons (Spring-Summer and Kharif) and to observe the stability of performance of various promising genotypes under different environments in both the seasons. The results thus indicated that genotypes HRB-9-2, Pb-57, Pusa Sawani, had higher potentialities over environments for producing high yield. The genotypes HRB-9-2, Pb-57, HOE-202, D-1-87-5 and Pusa Sawani had average response and are highly stable for fruit yield per plant. These genotypes are likely to perform well in all the environments of both the seasons (Spring-Summer and Kharif season). Thus genotypes as identified in the present study can further be exploited for higher yield and also in breeding for superior and stable genotypes of Bhindi.
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