Objectives: To investigate the effects of application of vibratory stimuli on interleukin (IL)-1b secretion during maxillary canine distalization. Materials and Methods: Split-mouth design study in 15 subjects (mean age, 22.9 years; range 19-25 years) whose bilateral maxillary first premolars were extracted with subsequent canine distalization. On the experimental side, light force (60 g) was applied to the canine for 3 months in combination with vibratory stimuli provided using an electric toothbrush 15 minutes a day for 2 months; only orthodontic force was applied to the contralateral control canine. Gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) was collected from the mesial and distal sides of each canine at each monthly appointment. IL-1b levels were analyzed using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Canine movement was measured monthly. Results: Overall, enhanced IL-1b secretion was observed at the pressure sites of experimental canines compared to control canines (mean, 0.64 6 0.33 pg/mL vs 0.10 6 0.11 pg/mL, respectively, P , .001). The accumulative amount of tooth movement was greater for the experimental canine than for the control canine (mean, 2.85 6 0.17 mm vs 1.77 6 0.11 mm, respectively, P , .001).Conclusions: This study demonstrates that, in combination with light orthodontic force, application of vibratory stimuli using an electric toothbrush enhanced the secretion of IL-1b in GCF and accelerated orthodontic tooth movement. (Angle Orthod. 2016;86:74-80.)

Objectives To investigate the effects of compressive force and/or mechanical vibration on NFATc1, DCSTAMP, and CTSK (cathepsin K) gene expression and the number of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP)–positive multinucleated cells in RAW 264.7 cells, a murine osteoclastic-like cell line. Materials and Methods RAW 264.7 cells were subjected to mechanical vibration, compressive force, or compressive force combined with vibration. Cell viability and the numbers of TRAP-positive multinucleated cells were evaluated. NFATc1, DCSTAMP, and CTSK gene expressions were analyzed using real-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Results Compressive force combined with mechanical vibration significantly increased the numbers of TRAP-positive multinucleated cells but did not significantly affect cell viability. In addition, compressive force combined with mechanical vibration significantly increased NFATc1, DCSTAMP, and CTSK mRNA expression compared with compressive force or vibration alone. Conclusions Compressive force combined with mechanical vibration induces osteoclastogenesis and upregulates NFATc1, DCSTAMP, and CTSK gene expression in RAW 264.7 cells. These results provide more insight into the mechanisms by which vibratory force accelerates orthodontic tooth movement.