The new SystemC-AMS extension to SystemC provides the workbench for the design and modeling of Analog Mixed Signal (AMS) Systems. This new extension also delivers the efficient simulation performance. This paper explores a design methodology based upon SystemC-AMS for the modeling and simulation of analog mixed signal path for embedded applications. The methodology is centered on the inherent design methodology of SystemC-AMS. Outcome of this methodology is a model with all circuit level nonidealities modeled at higher abstraction level. Timed Data Flow (TDF) Model of Computation (MoC) of SystemC-AMS is used for the modeling of ideal and non-ideal functionality of AMS path.
Introduction: Perinatal asphyxia is one of the common causes of neonatal morbidity and mortality. It can affect almost all the body organs and most frequently affected organs are kidneys. Acute Renal Failure is the commonest renal complication, manifested by changes in urine output and blood chemistries.
Aims: To evaluate the renal function in asphyxiated newborns.
Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted, from August 2021 to February 2022, on 95 term neonates admitted in Neonatal Intensive Care Unit of Nepalgunj Medical College, Kohalpur for birth asphyxia as per World Health Organization definition. All neonates with Hypoxic Ischemic Encephalopathy were staged by Sarnat and Sarnat staging. After 48 hours of life, blood sample was sent for investigations. Urine output was monitored and neonates were managed according to the hospital protocol.
Results: Male to female ratio was M:F 1.90:1. Percentage of acute renal failure was higher in babies with higher Hypoxic Ischemic Encephalopathy grades. It was seen in 12% in Grade I, 82% in Grade II and 100% in Grade III. Renal failure had significant association with Hypoxic Ischemic Encephalopathy staging(p<0.05).The means of serum creatinine significantly increased with the increase in Hypoxic Ischemic Encephalopathy grades (p<0.05). Mean serum creatinine among Grade I, Grade II and Grade III newborns were 0.9±0.44, 2.2±.93and 2.9±0.38 mg/dl respectively. Mean urinary output significantly decreased as the grades of Hypoxic Ischemic Encephalopathy increased (p<0.05) with mean urine output 1.5±0.38, 1.3±0.53and 1.1±0.39 ml/kg/hour respectively in Grade I, Grade II and Grade III.
Conclusion: Neonates with higher grades of Hypoxic Ischemic Encephalopathy had higher values of serum creatinine. Urine output decreased as the grading of asphyxia increased
SystemC AMS offers high abstraction and simulation speed through models of computation and language features such as static scheduling, constant time stepping, linear solver and dataflow paradigm. We demonstrate that such rich expressiveness can render non-ideal behavior in system level description. Design exploration and refinement from system level down to cycle accurate or circuit level is also demonstrated. The main contribution is that the fine grain characterization can start at system level design.
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