The future of education is increasingly worrying due to the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic since the end of 2019. Restrictions on community activities and campus closures have forced university administrators to use e-learning. On the other hand, online learning has encountered many obstacles. Barriers to the use of e-learning are thought to stem from external problems (online facilities and infrastructure) or educators and students (internal factors), such as lack of literacy, low absorption, level of understanding, and other non-technical factors. This study aims to examine further the influence of external factors and digital literacy and the moderating effect of digital literacy with external factors (System Design, User Friendly, Devices, Internet, Electricity) on the actual use of campus e-learning at Islamic universities. This study found that: External factor variables have a significant positive effect on the actual use of e-learning. The digital literacy variable has a significant positive effect on the actual use of e-learning. The digital literacy variable weakens the influence of external factors on the actual use of e-learning at Islamic universities in Indonesia.
The western happiness scale measures those material aspects, so it will not be objective when applied in low-income countries. Furthermore, Countries with high happiness ratings, which may ignore the importance of spirituality, have significantly higher rates of depression and suicide. Islam is the highest source of spirituality for its adherents. They believe happiness cannot only be measured by the material aspect and ignore the spiritual part. This study aims to develop a happiness scale that measures Muslim spiritual-material aspects. We used a development research approach to design an instrument based on the thoughts of Abdullah bin Abbas, test its validity, and estimate its reliability. The authors found Seven sub-scales and thirty-one valid items for Muslim spiritual happiness. The current instrument of happiness can be used to measure the spiritual happiness of Muslims. The authors expected that these findings encourage other researchers to improve the current version and develop a better and more valid instrument.
All society of academicians IAIN Pontianak must supporting vision and mission of IAIN Pontianak for the sake of quality of graduates who have higher competency and international insight one of concrete effort is doing community satisfaction survey towards the quality of graduates of IAIN Pontianak as external information source, next data perceptive analyzed with appropriate statistic tool, one of application tool is Multidimentional Scaling Tests (MDS). This research using descriptive methods (descriptive research) with the intention of making emphirical description Multidimentional Scaling Application (MDS) on stakeholders perceptive to map the quality of garduates of IAIN Pontianak. Population on this research is IAIN stakeholders in Pontianak, that is community which directly connected to graduates of IAIN Pontianak, or private institution or government as graduates of IAIN Pontianak user. Sample of this research using purposive methods sampling 100 respondents. IAIN segmentative of quality variables that has negative perceptive by community is Disciplines ( X9) and Motivates (X11), IAIN segmentative variables that have positive perceptive by stakeholders are Integrity / Ethics variables and Morality ( X1), Professionalism at works (X2), Insight between disciplines (X3), Leadership( X4), Teamworks( X5), Foreign Language Ability (X6), Communication Ability ( X7), Using Information Technology (X8), Honesty (X10), Work Ethics(X12), Innovative and Creativity ( X13), Solving Problems Ability (X14). There is high competition between 3 higher education in Pontianak. Those are: IAIN, Poltekes and Polnep. As spatial IAIN Pontianak closer to UNTAN, it is also means that UNTAN is the strongest competitor of IAIN Pontianak. Key words: MDS, Perceptive Map, Graduates quality, IAIN Pontianak
The Likert scale is a psychometric scale commonly used for response measurement. This measurement scale includes techniques for designing and administering surveys as well as coding and analyzing data. However, Likert scaling has various limitations that can affect the resulting data. This study aims to reprove the number of dimensions of the SATS-36 instrument, prove the validity, and estimate the reliability of the statistical attitude instrument (SATS-36) on students at religious universities in Indonesia using Z-Score Transformation Scaling. The latent constructs of cognitive competence, value, difficulty, effect, and effort were constructed using a Likert scale according to the pattern of statements on each item. This study uses confirmatory research with a quantitative approach. For students at religious universities in Indonesia, 243 respondents were selected using a stratified one-stage cluster random sampling technique. Proof of validity and estimation of reliability was done using confirmatory factor analysis. The results of this study show that the rescaling method can improve the validity of the factors but cannot increase Cronbach's coefficient of internal consistency and cannot reduce the standard error of measurement for each item. This research implies that it is not enough to rescale or transform the data to improve the validity and reliability of a measuring instrument. However, it is necessary to calibrate the statement sentence or item question so that the item measures its construct. Further research also needs to test the effectiveness of rescaling in addition to the Z-Score in improving the validity and reliability of measuring instruments.
The item differential function (DIF) describes a situation in which testees of similar ability but from different demographic groups have varying chances of achieving the same result. This study aims to identify the function of uniform and non-uniform differential items on the Kentucky Inventory of Mindfulness Skills Instrument using logistic regression techniques and determine the impact of DHF on construct validity. This study uses a survey method with a quantitative approach. The study involved 602 people, divided into two groups based on gender: 301 women and 301 men. The Kentucky Inventory of Mindfulness Skills (KIMS) is a 39-item online questionnaire that measures mindfulness. KIMS has been proven to meet content, construct, and factor validity and has good test-retest reliability and internal consistency estimators. This study uses Regression Logistics to detect DIF, analyzed with R Studio 4.1.3 software. Research results found 17 DIF items detected using logistic regression, 13 uniform DIF items, and four non-uniform DIF. Through CFA, we have succeeded in proving that DIF-free items are proven to have better construct validity. The implications of this study are expected to inspire counseling psychologists to be more careful in using rating scales or instruments. The validity and reliability of the measures are not strong enough to justify that all measuring instruments are correct. However, it is also necessary to check for item bias or functional differential items to ensure that each item on the scale or instrument is understandable to all demographic groups and does not benefit only certain demographic groups.
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