Background:The increasing consumption of cigarettes that continues to occur among the community has an impact on the higher rates of morbidity and mortality. Active smokers who have a tendency to quit smoking can be identified by measuring their intentions. The theory of planned behavior is a concept that influences the study of an individual's behavior. This study aims to estimate the magnitude of attitudes towards behavior, subjective norms, and perceptions of behavioral control with behavior to stop smoking. Subjects and Method:This study is a systematic review and meta-analysis with the acronym PICO, namely population: smokers. Intervention: positive attitude toward behavior, supportive subjective norm, strong perception of behavioral control. Comparison: attitude towards negative behavior, subjective norms do not support, perception of behavior control is weak. Outcome: smoking cessation behavior. Data collection was obtained from 4 databases, namely: Google Scholar, PubMed, Science Direct and ProQuest with the keywords used "attitude toward behavior" AND "subjective norm" AND "perceived behavior control" AND "quit smoking" OR "quit smoke" OR "smoking cessation". The inclusion criteria used were full English paper with cross sectional design in 2012-2022. The analysis of this study used RevMan 5.3 software. Results: A total of 7 articles originating from the Asian and American continents were included in this study. Based on the results of the analysis of smokers who had positive behavior (aOR = 2.77; 95% CI = 1.06 to 1.37; p <0.001), subjective norms were supportive (aOR = 1.08; 95% CI = 0.98 to 1.18; p <0.001), as well as perceived control behavioral (aOR = 1.19; 95% CI = 1.00 to 1.42; p < 0.001) were more likely to quit smoking compared to smokers who had negative behavior, unsupportive subjective norms, and weak perceptions of behavioral control. Conclusion: Positive behavior, supportive subjective norms, perception of strong behavioral control increase the likelihood of smoking cessation in active smokers.
Background:Noise is identified as one of the most widespread physical factors in occupational health and safety (OHS) and is a problem in all regions of the world. Noise can be pathogenic if there is continuous and repeated exposure causing a persistent upregulation of vascular autoregulation resulting in hypertension. Epidemiological studies report an association between occupational noise exposure and hypertension. This study aims to determine the effect of noise exposure in the workplace on hypertension. Subjects and Method:This study is a systematic review and meta-analysis with the following PICO, Population= workers, Intervention= occupational noise exposure ≥85 dBA, Comparison= occupational noise exposure <85 dBA, Outcome= hypertension. The meta-analysis was carried out using search articles from databases such as Google Scholar, PubMed, and Science Direct, published from 2012 to 2022. The keywords used in the article search were "Occupational Noise Exposure" OR "Occupational Noise" AND "Hypertension" OR "High Blood Pressure" OR "Primary Hypertension" AND "Workers" AND "Cross-Sectional Study". The included studies were full-text articles published in English, reporting the adjusted odds ratio (aOR) of the results of the multivariate analysis, and the study design was cross-sectional. The selection of articles was carried out using PRISMA flow-charts and analyzed using the Revie Manager 5.3 application. Results: A total of 10 cross-sectional studies were analyzed involving 12,437 workers covering Iran, Jordan, China, Indonesia, Tunisia, and Brazil. The results of the meta-analysis showed that workers exposed to noise 85 dBA had higher hypertension than workers exposed to noise <85 dBA (aOR= 1.96; 95% CI= 1.68 to 2.29; p< 0.001). Conclusion: Exposure to occupational noise ≥ 85 dBA increases hypertension compared to exposure to occupational noise <85 dBA.
Background: Needlestick injury is a dangerous work accident that causes blood contact with patients and is at risk of being infected with blood borne diseases such as hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C (HCV), and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The purpose of this study was to analyze the influence of unsafe behavior factors on the incidence of accidents due to needlestick injury to health workers in hospitals. Subjects and Method: This research was conducted using a systematic review and meta-analysis study design using PICO, population: health workers, intervention: unsafe action and lack of work experience. Comparison: safe action and good work experience, Outcome: Needlestick Injury (NSI) incident. The articles used in this study came from 4 databases, namely Pubmed, ScienceDirect, ProQuest and Google scholar. The keywords of the article are ("Needle Stick Injury" or "Sharp Injury") AND aOR. The articles included in this study are full paper articles, observational study designs, 2011-2021 and the size of the relationship between Adj Odds Ratio Results: A total of 19 observational studies (case-control and cross-sectional) with 28,487 health workers from the African Continent (Egypt and Ethiopia), the Asian Continent (Thailand, Taiwan, Malaysia and Indonesia) and the European Continent (Bosnia and Herzegovina) were analyzed. From data processing, it was found that unsafe action increased the incidence of Needlestick Injury (NSI) in health workers in hospitals by 2.79 times higher than health workers who behaved safely (safe action) and statistically significant (aOR= 2.79; 95% CI= 2.18 to 3.67; p<0.001). Work Experience increases the incidence of Needlestick Injury (NSI) in health workers in hospitals by 1.97 times higher than health workers who have good work experience and is statistically significant (aOR= 1.97; 95% CI= 1.16 to 3.34; p = 0.010) . Conclusion:The influence of human factors, especially unsafe action, in increasing the incidence of needlestick injuries in health workers.
Background: Excessive heat stress will cause fatigue and drowsiness, reduce stability and increase the number of work errors. The purpose of this study was to analyze the relationship between heat stress and work fatigue and increased blood pressure in construction workers at PT PP Urban Development Project at the
Background: Lung cancer is a cancer whose incidence increases every year and is the number one cancer cause of death in the world. One of the causes of lung cancer comes from occupational exposure in the form of asbestos dust and silica. This study aims to analyze the effect of exposure to asbestos and silica dust on the incidence of lung cancer in the working community.Subjects and Method: This study is a meta-analysis with the following PICO, population: working society. Intervention: exposure to asbestos dust and silica dust. Comparison: not exposed to asbestos dust and silica dust. Result: lung cancer. The articles used in this study were obtained from three databases, namely Google Scholar, Pubmed, and Science Direct. The keywords to search for articles were “dust exposure” OR “silica dust exposure” OR “asbestos dust exposure” OR “occupational dust exposure” AND “lung cancer”. The articles included are full-text English with a case-control study design from 2007 to 2022. The articles were selected using PRISMA flow diagrams. Articles were analyzed using the Review Manager 5.3 application.Results: A total of 14 case-control studies from continental Europe, America and Asia were selected for systematic review and meta-analysis. Based on 8 studies on the effect of exposure to asbestos dust on the incidence of lung cancer, the incidence of lung cancer increased 1.57 times compared to workers who were not exposed to asbestos dust (aOR= 1.57; 95% CI= 1.20 to 2.06; p= 0.001) and 9 case-control studies on the effect of exposure to silica dust showed an increase of 1.31 times the incidence of lung cancer compared to workers who were not exposed to silica dust (aOR = 1.31; 95% CI = 1.25 to 1.38; p<0.001).Conclusion: Exposure to asbestos and silica dust increases the incidence of lung cancer in workers. Keywords: asbestos, silica, occupational dust exposure, lung cancer. Correspondence:Aurina Firda Kusuma Wardani. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret. Jl. Ir. Sutami 36A, Surakarta 57126, Central Java, Indonesia. Mobile: +6282135012135. Email: firdakw@gmail.com.
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