Correlation between Theory of Planned Behavior and Smoking Cessation: A Meta-Analysis

Abstract

Background:The increasing consumption of cigarettes that continues to occur among the community has an impact on the higher rates of morbidity and mortality. Active smokers who have a tendency to quit smoking can be identified by measuring their intentions. The theory of planned behavior is a concept that influences the study of an individual's behavior. This study aims to estimate the magnitude of attitudes towards behavior, subjective norms, and perceptions of behavioral control with behavior to stop smoking. Subjects and Method:This study is a systematic review and meta-analysis with the acronym PICO, namely population: smokers. Intervention: positive attitude toward behavior, supportive subjective norm, strong perception of behavioral control. Comparison: attitude towards negative behavior, subjective norms do not support, perception of behavior control is weak. Outcome: smoking cessation behavior. Data collection was obtained from 4 databases, namely: Google Scholar, PubMed, Science Direct and ProQuest with the keywords used "attitude toward behavior" AND "subjective norm" AND "perceived behavior control" AND "quit smoking" OR "quit smoke" OR "smoking cessation". The inclusion criteria used were full English paper with cross sectional design in 2012-2022. The analysis of this study used RevMan 5.3 software. Results: A total of 7 articles originating from the Asian and American continents were included in this study. Based on the results of the analysis of smokers who had positive behavior (aOR = 2.77; 95% CI = 1.06 to 1.37; p <0.001), subjective norms were supportive (aOR = 1.08; 95% CI = 0.98 to 1.18; p <0.001), as well as perceived control behavioral (aOR = 1.19; 95% CI = 1.00 to 1.42; p < 0.001) were more likely to quit smoking compared to smokers who had negative behavior, unsupportive subjective norms, and weak perceptions of behavioral control. Conclusion: Positive behavior, supportive subjective norms, perception of strong behavioral control increase the likelihood of smoking cessation in active smokers.

The Relationships Between Multidimensional Symptom Burden, Adaptation, and Depression During Pregnancy: A Cross-sectional Study

“…In our study, unmarried status emerged as a risk predictor, consistent with recent meta-analysis studies (Nugrahaeni et al, 2023; Yin et al, 2021), which found that unmarried expectant mothers had significantly higher odds of experiencing depression. This association may stem from negative public attitudes toward unmarried pregnancies, as pregnancies within married couples are generally more socially accepted and welcomed in Taiwan (Lai, 2022).…”

“…In the absence of a universally accepted prevention strategy, the identification of risk factors is vital for early detection. Although certain risk factors, such as low social support, limited income, single status, young age, and a family history of depression, have been identified through meta-analytic methodologies (Nugrahaeni et al, 2023; O’Connor et al, 2019), limited research has explored its relationship with the multidimensional burden of physical symptoms during pregnancy.…”