The production of biodiesel as an alternative fuel and its use as a mixture and other additives are presented. In the present research work, additive blends with diesel biodiesel from algae oil are physically characterised and an analysis of pollutant emissions is carried out when used in an ignition engine by compression. The measurement of pollutant emissions is carried out through a combined emission analyzer adapted to a system of valves attached to the experimental facility. The properties of each mixture with the polluting emissions are compared with that of the reference diesel. It was found that each of the properties improves compared to that of diesel, reducing most emissions in the use of mixtures with biodiesel.
Nanotechnology is emerging with the biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles which is toxic free and friendly with the environment. Out of all the biosynthesis methods, plant extracts are more predominantly used which is readily available, and it is a least cost method. The plants have secondary metabolites such as phenolic compounds named as flavonoids; tannins are turned to be the reluctant to synthesize silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) from silver nitrate. The plant chosen to synthesize silver nanoparticles is the Hibiscus rosasinensis for the reason of the presence of various biomolecules. The reduction and stabilization process are performed due to the biomolecules. Silver nanoparticles produced from the Hibiscus plant are easier than the conventional method. The formation of nanoparticle of silver is indicated by the maximum absorbance peak at a wavelength of 458 nm obtained from the leaf and the bark extracts. The antimicrobicidal effects on various microbes were examined, and it is proved that bark produced better results.
The present study focused to improve material characteristics and quality in terms of the NaOH concentration for treating the coconut and bamboo fiber to enhance the mechanical properties of natural fiber polymer-based hybrid composites. The NaOH-treated fibers were washed thoroughly using distilled water and allowed to dry for 24 hours. Composition of each specimen, bamboo (B) and coconut (C) fiber with epoxy composite, was prepared by hand layup process as per the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) standard. The proportionality of the material was carefully fulfilled according to the previous literature reports. The weight fraction of the composite material content was set to be 30% and 70% of epoxy (E) resin and isolated fibers. Three distinct criteria were used to calculate mechanical parameters such as tensile strength, flexural strength, and material hardness. It was found that the combination of 70% E with 30% BC of hybridized composite had a maximum tensile strength of 62.42 MPa, whereas the flexural strength and hardness of the other combinations, such as 70% E with 30% C and 70% E with 30% B, were observed to be 58 MPa and 185 HRC (Hardness Rockwell C), respectively.
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