Consensus guidelines on how to report laparoscopic surgery videos for educational purposes have been developed. We anticipate that following our guidelines could help to improve video quality.These reporting guidelines may be useful as a standard for reviewing videos submitted for publication or conference presentation.

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Medication error is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in medical profession, and anaesthesia and critical care are no exception to it. Man, medicine, machine and modus operandi are the main contributory factors to it. In this review, incidence, types, risk factors and preventive measures of the medication errors are discussed in detail.

Introduction There has been a constant increase in the number of published surgical videos with preference for open-access sources, but the proportion of videos undergoing peer-review prior to publication has markedly decreased, raising questions over quality of the educational content presented. The aim of this study was the development and validation of a standard framework for the appraisal of surgical videos submitted for presentation and publication, the LAParoscopic surgery Video Educational GuidelineS (LAP-VEGaS) video assessment tool. Methods An international committee identified items for inclusion in the LAP-VEGaS video assessment tool and finalised the marking score utilising Delphi methodology. The tool was finally validated by anonymous evaluation of selected videos by a group of validators not involved in the tool development. Results 9 items were included in the LAP-VEGaS video assessment tool, with every item scoring from 0 (item not presented in the video) to 2 (item extensively presented in the video), with a total marking score ranging from 0 to 18. The LAP-VEGaS video assessment tool resulted highly accurate in identifying and selecting videos for acceptance for conference presentation and publication, with high level of internal consistency and generalisability. Conclusions We propose that peer review in adherence to the LAP-VEGaS video assessment tool could enhance the overall quality of published video outputs. Graphic Abstract and Other Interventional Techniques

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The objective of this study is to compare clonidine and dexmedetomidine as an adjuvant to levobupivacaine in supraclavicular brachial plexus block with respect to onset, duration of sensory and motor block and duration of analgesia. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 90 ASA grade I and II patients of either sex, aged 18-60 yrs. scheduled for elective upper limb surgeries under supraclavicular brachial plexus block were divided into 3 equal groups in a randomized fashion. Group L (n=30) received 1 mL NS, group LC (=30) received 1 mL (150 g) clonidine and group LD (n=30) received 1 mL (100 g) dexmedetomidine added to 30 mL of 0.5% levobupivacaine. Onset and recovery time of sensory and motor block, duration of analgesia and quality of block were studied in all three groups. RESULTS Onset time of sensory and motor blockade was 12.43±2.56 min and 17.96±3.05 min respectively in group L, 9.03±1.60 min and 15.00±2.40 min respectively in group LC and 8.13±2.51 min and 12.13±2.89 min respectively in group LD. Duration of sensory and motor blockade was 660.16±44.28 min and 535.33±50.66 min respectively in group L, 880.16±55.48 min and 771.83±54.19 min respectively in group LC and 930.66±48.02 min and 811.83±52.08 min respectively in group LD. Time of rescue analgesia was 728.86±45.12 min in group L, 1013.5±59.01 min in group LC and 1159.8±56.8 min in group LD (p<0.05). CONCLUSION Dexmedetomidine when added to LA in supraclavicular brachial plexus block prolongs the duration of sensory and motor blockade and also the time for rescue analgesia as compared to clonidine. Dexmedetomidine also enhances quality of block (LD>LC>C).

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