Financial technology is a business that provides financial services by utilizing cutting-edge software and technology. Online loan providers are financial service providers that operate online using information technology. They are well-known for having a simple process and are particularly useful in the current situation, where there is an urgent need, but no funds are available. In less than two years, dozens of financial technology companies have started lending online in Indonesia, far exceeding many people's expectations. However, when applying for credit, many consumers do not consider or care about the legality of online lending institutions. Based on the above description, this research aims to determine the main characteristics of illegal online loans in Indonesia, as well as the legal responsibility of illegal online loan providers to borrowers. The approach used in normative research refers to legal norms, which are laws, regulations, court decisions, and societal norms. The results of the studies showed that characteristics of illegal online loans in Indonesia are often associated with the word illegal because the online loan often has not been or is not authorized by the OJK; this happens because there are requirements that the online loan provider cannot meet. This online loan uses peer-to-peer landings and financial technology (Fintech), authorized in Regulation 77/POJK.01/2016 concerning Information Technology-Based Lending and Borrowing Services governs fintech. Illegal online loan providers can be subject to several sanctions, including; administrative sanctions, criminal sanctions, and civil sanctions.
Since first time introduced in oil & gas well by Gilbert (1954) then popularized by Mach (1979) and Brown (1984) as Nodal Analysis™, system analysis is commonly used to analyze the performance of system composed of multiple interacting components. It is generally used for well diagnostic, performance matching, and prediction for optimization. In this concept, multiphase flow modeling in steady-state condition also introduced and widely used in industry to analyze flow performance inside wellbore with empirical or mechanistic approach. However by its nature, flow performance always as transient flow phenomenon and several cases could not be captured by steady-state model. Dynamic well modeling is needed to verify some of the conclusions from steady-state simulation therefore uncertainty could be reduced. Dynamic model features mechanistic & empirical approach with basic conservation equations (mass, energy, momentum), constitutive correlations and flow pattern transition modeling (Benidiksen et al, 1991; Staff et al., 2015). It is a powerful approach to generate model where dynamic-transient phenomena is become concern. Dynamic well modeling has been demonstrated in latest 5 years of Mahakam operation for specific purpose where steady-state well model which regularly used could not represent dynamic condition. Several studies are presented in this paper with certain objectives for well diagnostic, optimization, risk analysis or in general for petroleum engineering purpose: 1) Liquid loading prediction; 2) Well start-up prediction & analysis; 3) Static condition requirement analysis for well revival campaign; 3) Velocity String performance prediction; 4) Alternative water production estimation where direct measurement has limitations; 5) Wellhead shut-in pressure prediction with buffer zone effect to support unlocking high pressure reservoirs; 6) Blow-out modeling and dynamic well killing for blow-out contingency plan; 7) Unstable gas lift injection phenomena that impact to liquid production; 8) Liquid accumulation inside pipeline which impact to well back pressure, etc. The advantage and drawbacks from model implementation also presented as a practical reference to consider this approach. In summary, dynamic well modeling is beneficial in Mahakam operation, moreover in today's mature condition (operated more than 40 years) where the problem becomes more complex and better decision making is needed to consider efficient method with effective cost.
Penelitian bertujuan untuk meningkatkan aktivitas dan hasil belajar operasi hitung campuran melalui model pembelajaran Problem Based Learning pada siswa kelas VI SD 1 Undaan Tengah semester I tahun pelajaran 2019/2020. Prosedur pelaksanaan dan implementasi penelitian terbagi dalam dua siklus. Siklus I dilakukan dua kali pertemuan dan begitu juga siklus II dilakukan dua kali pertemuan. Pada akhir tindakan siklus I aktivitas belajar siswa sebesar 74,07% meningkat pada siklus II menjadi 90,48%. Selanjutnya, nilai rata-rata kelas hasil tes formatif I mencapai 72,61 (69,57%) kemudian pada siklus II meningkat menjadi 77,39(86,96%), sehingga mengalami peningkatan sebesar 17,39%. Disimpulkan bahwa, penerapan model pembelajaran Problem Based Learning terbukti dapat meningkatkan aktivitas dan hasil belajar matematika materi operasi hitung campuran pada siswa kelas VI SD 1 Undaan Tengah Kudus. Disarankan bahwa, pada proses pembelajaran guru harus mampu menciptakan suasana belajar yang menyenangkan serta melibatkan aktivitas seluruh siswa.
Penelitian bertujuan untuk meningkatkan aktivitas dan hasil belajar IPA materi perkembangbiakan makhluk hidup melalui model pembelajaran Problem Based Instruction dengan Media Visual pada siswa kelas VI SD 1 Undaan Tengah semester I tahun pelajaran 2018/2019. Prosedur pelaksanaan dan implementasi di lokasi penelitian terbagi dalam dua siklus. Siklus I dilakukan dua kali pertemuan dan begitu juga siklus II dilakukan dua kali pertemuan. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa aktivitas siswa pada siklus I memperoleh rata-rata skor 20,59 atau sebesar 73,56% (sedang), siklus II meningkat menjadi 25,19 atau sebesar 89,97% (sangat tinggi). Pada akhir tindakan siklus I nilai rata-rata yang diperoleh 72,62 atau sebesar 71,43% mengalami peningkatan 23,81% dari kondisi awal. Pada siklus II diperoleh nilai rata-rata 79,76 atau sebesar 85,71% sehingga mengalami peningkatan sebesar 14,28% dari siklus I. disimpulkan bahwa penerapan model pembelajaran problem based instruction dengan media visual dapat meningkatkan aktivitas dan hasil belajar perkembangbiakan makhluk hidup pada siswa kelas VI SD 1 Undaan Tengah Kudus.
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