This study was designed to determine whether a new form of treatment of diabetic retinopathy (DR) was acceptable to patients and whether reduction in the maximal activity of rods in diabetes could affect the progress of DR. Methods In 12 patients, trans-lid retinal illumination of one eye was employed during sleep to prevent the depolarisation of rods and thus reduce their metabolic activity. Techniques A headband was used to place a source of chemical light over one eye, with its fellow as a control. Measurements Colour contrast thresholds were measured before and after a period of treatment in treated eyes, and the changes were compared to those in untreated fellow eyes, and areas of 'dark retinal anomalies' (microaneurysms, dot haemorrhages) were measured at the same time points. Results Patients found this intervention to be acceptable, and no adverse effects were noted. In the majority of cases, and for each outcome measure, the treated eyes improved relative to their fellows. The intervention significantly reduced the tritan thresholds in treated eyes relative to their fellows (P ¼ 0.03), and the area of dark retinal anomalies decreased in treated eyes and increased in untreated eyes, with a similar probability.

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Tear secretion, tear film stability, and meibomian gland function (plugging, volume, and thickness) were assessed in patients with psoriasis vulgaris (n = 70). As compared to that of the healthy controls (n = 125) mean Schirmer I value of psoriatic patients was found to be in normal ranges, whereas tear film break-up time was significantly lowered. When evaluating meibomian gland function, psoriatic patients were found to have higher plugging and thickness indices but a normal volume of meibomian gland secretion. These findings suggested an obstructive type of meibomian gland dysfunction in psoriatic patients which might result from increased turnover of the epithelia lining the meibomian gland duct.

ABSTRACT.Purpose: This study aimed to observe changes in anterior chamber parameters and the course of intraocular pressure (IOP) after injection of 0.1 ml intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide (TA) and to determine differences between phakic and pseudophakic eyes without vitreous reflux. Methods: A prospective observational clinical trial was conducted with 89 patients who received an intravitreal injection of TA and did not display vitreous reflux. Intraocular pressure measurements were made before injection and at 3, 10, 20, 30 and 40 mins after injection. Pentacam measurements were made before injection and at 5, 15, 30 and 45 mins after injection. Results: Anterior chamber depth (ACD) and anterior chamber volume (ACV) were significantly greater in pseudophakic eyes than in phakic eyes at all measurement time-points (p < 0.001). There was a decrease in both ACD and ACV at 5 mins after injection, and a gradual increase to normal values was observed at 15, 30 and 45 mins after injection in all study eyes. Compared with pre-injection measurements, changes in ACD and ACV were statistically significant at each time-point in both phakic and pseudophakic eyes (p < 0.001). A significant increase in IOP within 3 mins of injection was observed in both groups and a more rapid decrease 10 mins after injection was observed in pseudophakic eyes. The differences in IOP between phakic and pseudophakic eyes at all measurement time-points, except baseline and 3 mins after injection, were statistically significant (p < 0.001). Intraocular pressure < 30 mmHg and < 24 mmHg was recorded in all pseudophakic eyes at 10 and 20 mins after intravitreal injection, respectively. Conclusions: Following intravitreal injection of 0.1 ml TA, without vitreous reflux, IOP decreased to safe levels more quickly in pseudophakic eyes than in phakic eyes. Although there were more pronounced changes in anterior chamber parameters in pseudophakic eyes, these changes were reversible without any residual clinical significance.

Bevacizumab and ranibizumab are both effective antivascular endothelial growth factor drugs preferred in the treatment of DME. Our comparison of both therapies on the same patients suggested that the effect on BCVA was not statistically different, but ranibizumab provided more decrease in CSMT.

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Fasting significantly decreases tear production and increases tear osmolarity; however, it does not deteriorate corneal topographic parameters and ocular aberrations in healthy subjects.

Objectives:To evaluate the correlation of cataract surgical simulator and real-life surgical experience and its contribution to surgical training.Materials and Methods:Sixteen doctors in our department were divided into three groups based on their surgical experience. After being familiarized with the device, the participants were evaluated while performing the navigation, forceps, bimanual practice, anti-tremor and capsulorhexis stages. The capsulorhexis stage was repeated five times. Participants were also assessed while performing capsulorhexis again with their non-dominant hand. The influence of repetition and surgical experience on the recorded points was evaluated. P values below 0.05 were considered statistically significant.Results:There was correlation between the participants’ surgical experience and their scores in the capsulorhexis module. Their dominant hand was more successful than the non-dominant hand in capsulorhexis (p=0.004). Capsulorhexis scores increased with repetition (p=0.001).Conclusion:Results achieved with the cataract surgery simulation device correlate with surgical experience. The increase in performance upon repeated practice indicates that the simulator supports surgical training.